Geography Chapter 11 & 12 Chapter 11.1.1; 11.1.2; 11.1.3; 11.1.5; 11.2.5 Chapter 12.1.1; 12.2.1

11-1.1 Pages 310-311

1) 11-1.1 As you read 310-311 describe the physical geography of Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Landforms B. Bodies of Water C. Population

Russia is the largest country in the world; one-sixth of earth’s surface.

Landforms: Plains; North European, West Siberian: Mountains: Caucasus, Urals: Plateaus: Central Siberian.

Coastlines: Pacific, Caspian, Black, Artic, Baltic.

Population: majority lives in west.

The Ural Mountains separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain.

Russia has few ports because ice-blocked coastline.

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are located in the Caucasus Mountains.

Steppes are very large plains, mostly used for agriculture and grazing.

The countries of Central Asia are named for their largest ethnic group.

The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan isolated from other countries.

11.1.1   Summary: Russia and the Eurasian republics cover about one-sixth of the land surface of the entire earth and contain a variety of geographic features. The region’s size and geography have limited population. Landforms   Bodies of Water Population Plains Oceans Population is denser in the west and southwest Mountains Seas Population is limited in higher elevations and desert Steppes rivers Plateaus lakes deserts

11-1.2 Pages 312-313

2) 11-1.2 As you read 312-313 give a summary of about the extreme climates in Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Temperature B. Latitudes D. Moisture Levels

High latitudes and arctic winds give northern Russia a cold climate.

Tundra is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions.

Permafrost is ground that is always frozen, which makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals.

Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the permafrost prevents their roots from pushing deep.

Scientists think climate change might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw.

11.1.2 Temperature: Permanently frozen or up to 100° F. Latitudes: Most of the region is high latitudes: artic winds, little daylight; a lot of snow Moisture level: Dry and arid to humid and temperate; no dry season to cold polar: tundra and ice. Climate Regions: The region is a land of extreme climates. Russia and the Eurasian republics region has a vast expanse of permafrost at one extreme and large areas of high desert temperatures at the other. Winters are cold and dark in the northern latitudes and much of land is not protected from artic winds. This climate makes agriculture impossible. In the arid regions to the south, the harsh heat also prevents agriculture. People can farm in the western plains and steppes.

11-1.3 Pages 214-215

3) 11-1.3 As you read 314-315 give details about Russia’s resources: Write answers in complete sentences. A. Energy B. Mineral C. Other.

Russian Energy Resources Coal, Oil, Natural Gas.

Russian Mineral Resources Iron, Aluminum, Gold.

Other Russian Recourses are Fish and Forest Products.

Taiga is a forested area south of the tundra.

Russia's hydroelectric plants use water power to generate electricity.

Peat is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel.

Energy Minerals Other Coal: the map show that coal is mined in southern Russia and Kazakhstan Iron: Iron is a metallic ore Fish: Fish are shown in the map for the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Oil: Russia is a leading producer of oil. Aluminum: Aluminum is also a metallic ore used in industrial development. Forest Products: The forest product symbol is on the map in southern Russia. Natural gas: Natural gas is a nonrenewable fuel. Gold, copper, or any of the metallic ores listed in section: Gold is a metallic ore. Copper and other ores were found in Afghanistan. Diamonds: Eastern Siberia has the world’s largest diamond pit mine. Peat: Russia has large amounts of peat, which is burned like coal.  

11-1.5 Pages 318-319

1) 11-1.5 As you read 318-319 compare and contrast Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Kazakhstan B. Uzbekistan C. Both Summary:

The Aral Sea has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960.

Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

11-2.5 Pages 328-329

2) 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 give three details of the Soviet Union’s rise and fall; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Stalin B. Cold War C. Gorbachev

Republics came under control of Moscow and the Soviet Union.

11.2.5 The Soviet Union Bolsheviks led the Russian Revolution believed that a communist form of government and a socialist economic system were the answers to the problems of the industrial Revolution Communism: a single political party that controls the government and economy. Socialism is a system in which the government controls economic resources.

Josef Stalin ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953.

The government decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union.

Factories were also run collectively Factories were also run collectively. Collectives are planning the future economic development of the country.

The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly.

Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform the Soviet economy and government.

Glasnost was a political reform (encouraged free speech), and perestroika was an economic reform (focused on restructuring)

The reforms Gorbachev unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government.

The Soviet Union collapse in 1991.

The Soviet Union controlled the region form 1922 until 1991. 2. 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 design a web to make generalizations about the Soviet Union. Have at least 4 Important facts. The Soviet Union controlled the region form 1922 until 1991.

Something extra Chapter 11 Scientist are concerned about the possible release of methane into the atmosphere from Siberia contributes to global warming. As Mongol rule weakened Moscow gained power.

12-1.1 Pages 334-335

1) 12-1.1 As you read 334-335 describe the climate and cultures of Russia. Write answers in complete sentences. A. D. B. E. C. F.

Siberian nomads move from place to place to find food according to the season, 30 different peoples, live in tundra and taiga.

Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture does climate affect. Russian nomads get their food and clothing from the animals they herd (reindeer).

Many of the people in Central Asia are livestock herders (sheep, camels, cattle, horses).

Many herders now live in rural villages in mud brick homes.

Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the steppes.

Peasants farmed lived in small villages later worked for landlords and became serfs.

Russian peasant farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today.

12-2.1 Pages 340-341

2) 12-2.1 As you read 340-341 list causes and effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Write answers in complete sentences. A. D. B. E. C. F.

The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was economic problems and shortages

One of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy (Perestroika and Glasnost).

Gorbachev's new policy of openness result in protests for freedom.

The Soviet Communist attempted a coup against Gorbachev.

The fall of the Berlin Wall made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe.

Mikhail Gorbachev knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991.

One cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union was the separate republics wanted independence.

After the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries.

Economic problems: large gap between rich and poor; increased corruption and organized crime,

unemployment; ethnic groups still want independence still exist in Russia years after the Soviet Union’s collapse.

Chechnya wants to gain independence from Russia.

Something Extra Chapter 12 The Trans-Siberian Railroad was built by peasants, convicts, and soldiers. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is about 6,000 miles long. Much of the oil from the Caspian Sea is transported to other countries by pipelines.

Copy questions and underline answers. Geography Review Copy questions and underline answers.

___________________ are very large plains. 311

The _____________________ divide European Russia from Asian Russia. 311

The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep ___________________ and __________________ isolated from other countries. 311

The ______________________ separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain. 311

____________________ is the largest country in the world. 311

Scientists think ______________________ might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw. 312

_____________________ is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel. 314

______________________ makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals. 312

____________________ is a forested area south of the tundra. 313

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the ________________________. 311

The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ____________________. 311

The ___________________ are mostly used for agriculture and grazing

_________________ is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions. 312

___________________ ground that is always frozen. 312

Russia has few ports because ________________ coastline. 311

___________________ and ________________ give northern Russia have such a cold climate. 312

Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the __________________ prevents their roots from pushing deep. 312

Russia's _______________________ plants use water power to generate electricity. 314

_________________ caused the Aral Sea to shrink. 318

Moscow gained power as _________________ rule weakened. 321

The ______________ destroyed the city of Kiev. 320

The ___________________ has shrunk greatly because of water loss from irrigation. 318

Russians called their monarch ______________. 321

Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the ____________________. 320

Livestock grazing is the best economic activity suited to the arid regions of ______________________. 318

The ___________________ has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960. 320

Most people in Russia live in _______________. 322

_________________ were the ethnic group built towns in early Russia

Scientists are concerned about the possible release of _______________ into the atmosphere from Siberia because It can contribute to global warming. 317

___________________ is the main religion of Central Asia. 321

__________ best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. 318

___________________ is a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes. 319

The best description of __________________ is one political party controls the government and economy. 328

Because of the _______________________ the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was formed. 326

A __________________ government was established after the Russian Revolution. 326

_____________________ ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. 328

The _____________________ was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly. 328

The _______________________ decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union. 328

Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia helped defeat _________________. 324

_____________________ became the main religion of European Russia in the 900s. 322

____________________ free the serfs to work in industry. 326

___________________ repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II. 325

The _________________ were a political group that began the Russian Revolution. 326

__________________ tried to make Russia more Western. 322

The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when _______________ invaded. 325

___________________________ tried to reform the Soviet economy and government. 329 The Soviet Union collapse in _________________. 329 __________________ was a political reform, and ____________________ was an economic reform. 329 The reforms _______________________ unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government. 329 Russian _______________ get their food and clothing from the animals they herd. 334 Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture __________________ does affect. 334 Many of the people in ______________________ are livestock herders. 334 Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the _________________. 334  Siberian ______________________ move from place to place to find food according to the season. 334 Russian _____________________ farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today. 334 ______________________ and ______________________ made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so difficult. 336 The __________________________ Railroad is the world’s longest railroad. 336 It took __________ years to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad. 336 _________________________ goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did. 336 Peasants, convicts and soldiers built the _____________________________. 336 The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved ___________________________ people to Siberia. 336 The Trans-Siberian Railroad is ____________________ miles long. 336 Russian train tracks are wider than __________________ and ____________________ tracks. 336 The Trans-Siberian Railroad links __________________ to ____________________ for trade this helps the world economy. 336

_______________________ is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music. 338 Peter the Great build St. Petersburg near the __________________ and Europe. 338  In 2003, _________________ want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy. 338 The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was ___________________ and _________________. 340 _________________ knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991. 340 _______________ new policy of openness result in protests for freedom. 340 One of _________________________ ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy. 340 __________________ wants to gain independence from Russia. 341 The fall of the _______________________ made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe. 341 After the ____________________________ collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries. 341  One cause of the collapse of the _______________________ was the separate republics wanted independence. 341 __________________ and ______________________ leaders are elected today in Russia. 342 The _____________________ and ___________________ hold most of the power in Russia today. 342 The Russian Government has ___________________ of government. 342 Everyone ______________ and older can vote in Russia. 342 Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a ___________________. 342  The ____________________ is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly. 342

Most of Russia’s oil come from _____________________. 344 Russia export natural gas and oil through _________________. 344 ________ and ________________ are Russia’s greatest sources of wealth. 344 Oil and gas is found the area near the ____________________ so valuable. 344 Much of the oil from the _______________________ transported to other countries by pipelines. 344 __________________ learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from Chernobyl. 347 A nuclear reactor exploded at __________________. 347 _____________________________ from Chernobyl still affect the area, because it takes so long to disappear. 347 After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to _________________________. 347