The Importance of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

The Importance of Being Earnest Written in 1895 A Comedy in 3 Acts Is a satire Immediate hit when first performed Criticizes Victorian moral and social values Bridges Victorian period/literature with Modern Uses wit, puns, exaggeration, and wordplay to create humor

Main Characters John Worthing, aka “Jack”, aka “Earnest” Algernon Montcrief, Jack’s friend Lane, the butler for Algernon Rev. Chausible, the preacher in the country Lady Bracknell, mother of Gwendolyn Gwendolyn, wants to marry a man named “Earnest” Cecily, Jack’s ward Miss Prism, Cecily’s governess

Settings Time: Around 1890 Place(s): London (“the City”) Jack’s House in the Country (a very large estate) The village church

Settings Jack’s Country House

Settings Jack’s Drawing Room

Settings Lady Bracknell’s mansion in London

Victorian Period Named for Queen Victoria of England Was Queen from 1837-1901 Followed the reign of “Mad” King George The culture was very moral and serious Women were expected to be the “angel in the house” - to take care of their husband and family

Queen Victoria Became Queen as a young girl Married Albert, Prince Consort and adored him After he died, she wore black for the rest of her life Had 9 children Created a culture that valued family and stability

Victorian Period Manners were supremely important English society was divided into classes The Upper-class was well-educated, came from a rich and respected family (“old money”), and having good manners mattered more than anything else Considered bad manners to flaunt wealth

Victorian Period Young women were always chaperoned until they were married Women’s clothing covered them from neck to ankle; clothes had to be modest In the upper classes, people with a bad reputation were outcasts no matter how much money they had Good manners were extremely important

Victorian Fashion For the Gentlemen

Victorian Fashion For the Ladies

Victorian Period People did not just “drop in” to visit - they made formal appointments Refreshments were expected when visitors came to “call” (visit) - usually tea and cake or tiny, elegant cucumber sandwiches Men were expected to be well-educated Women were expected to marry well

Oscar Wilde - Author Born in Ireland; lived in England and abroad Attended Trinity College in Ireland and Oxford University in England Very witty and funny Believed in the value of “art for art’s sake” - art (literature) should not be concerned with political issues Wrote several plays, but only one novel Novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray

Oscar Wilde With other writers and artists, rebelled against the prim, moral, religious culture of Victorian England Was known to be wild, flamboyant, witty Although homosexual, married and had children Being homosexual was illegal, and he served time in prison for it

Oscar Wilde Handsome Loved clothes Could be quite dramatic Completely unique

Oscar Wilde Came from upper-class family Brilliant writer Loved to shock people “Bad Boy” of his time

Oscar Wilde Never allowed to see his family again Spent the remainder of his life in Paris Died alone and poor in Paris

Literary Vocabulary Comedy of Manners – a form of comedy that satirizes the manners and affectations of contemporary society and questions societal standards Epigram – a pithy (significant/expressive) saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way Inversion – reversal of the normal order of words, typically for rhetorical effect Irony - used for humorous or emphatic effect – the expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite

Literary Vocabulary Satire - literary writing that makes fun of or criticizes the faults of people or groups. Purpose is to point out flaws Wit - using words to be clever and funny with language Pun - a play on words Farce – a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situations

Literary Vocabulary Protagonist - the main character Foil - the character who contrasts the main character (the foil “reflects” the traits of the main character) Blocking figure - A character, often old and cranky, who interferes with the romantic desires or the other main characters and provides Motif - a recurring character or element repeated in a literary work. Food is a motif in The Importance of Being Earnest – it is a symbol for the act of sex

Major Themes and Motifs Marriage — Courtship and marriage are the driving forces of the play as characters discuss the nature of marriage and have their engagements impeded by trivial obstacles. Morality — The play includes ideas of Victorian morality and reveals how these strict moral rules constrain society. Wilde also unearths the hypocrisy and paradox of Victorian moral standards. Deception —  Jack and Algernon both invent fictional people so they can escape their lives in the country and city respectively. Cecily also creates a fictional engagement to Ernest. As the characters' deceptions collide, the line between fact and fiction becomes muddled.

The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde created many amusing quotes

Oscar Wilde Quotes “I always pass on good advice. It is the only thing to do with it. It is never of any use to oneself. “ “I can resist everything except temptation. “

Oscar Wilde Quotes “I never travel without my diary. One should always have something sensational to read in the train. “ “To lose one parent may be regarded as a misfortune; to lose both looks like carelessness.”

The Importance of Being Earnest Even though this play was written more than 100 years ago, it continues to be very popular More than one movie has been made of this play, the most recent in the past 5-10 years This play was popular on Broadway in New York City until the summer of 2011 The production opened on January 13, 2011, and was originally scheduled to run through March 6, but was extended 17 weeks after receiving positive reviews.

Importance of Being Earnest The title of the play is a pun. To be “earnest” means to be serious, and the main character (John/Jack) uses the name “Earnest” when he is in the city “Bunburying” is using an alias to “get away with” avoiding social obligatioins