Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones

Anatomy-Skeletal System Introduction What do you think classification means with regard to bones? Grouping bone together How do you think bones are classified? Shape

Anatomy-Skeletal System Objectives Students will be able to: Define terms that are used to classify bones. Identify the characteristics of bone. Identify the function of bone. Identify the classification of bones. Label the parts of long bones.

Anatomy-Skeletal System Terminology Metabolism Chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life Bone marrow Flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Characteristics Bone tissue is very active material that is continually being broken down and re- constructed Responds to use and disuse Physical activity places stress on the bone causing it to thicken & strengthen (hypertrophy) Lack of physical activity causes bone to become thinner & weaker (atrophy)

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Characteristics Bone tissue is very active material Produce blood cells & store minerals Compact Bone hard outer layer of bone (very strong) Spongy (Cancellous) Bone inside of the compact bone

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Function Support Gives form and shape for body structures Head, face, thorax, limbs Supports softer underlying tissues Supports weight of the body

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Function Protection Skull protects eyes, ears, brain Ribs protect heart, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys Pelvic girdle protects internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder Vertebral column protects spinal cord

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Function Movement Bone serves as a point of attachment for muscles making movement possible Bones & muscles function together as levers

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Function Supply Bone marrow makes blood cells

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Function Supply Stores minerals Calcium (Ca) Blood clot formation Nerve function Muscle function Metabolic processes Bone strength Phosphorus (P)

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Shape Long Bones Longer than they are wide Expanded ends Humerus, radius, ulna Femur, tibia, fibula Metacarpals Metatarsals Phalanges

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Shape Short Bones Cube shaped Carpals Tarsals

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Shape Flat Bones Broad, thinner, plate like bones Skull Scapula Ilium Ribs Sternum

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Shape Irregular Bones Vary in shape & size Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx Zygomatic Mandible Maxilla

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Shape Sesamoid Bones Bone imbedded in a tendon Protect tendon Increase mechanical effect Patella 1st MP joint

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Long Bones Epiphysis Expanded ends of long bones Outer layer of compact bone Internal bone made up of cancellous (spongy) bone New cartilage made Red marrow

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Long Bones Articular cartilage Hyaline cartilage Covers epiphysis Articulates with adjacent bone Smooth & slippery Milk glass Cushion Poor blood supply

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Long Bones Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate) Layer of cartilage Where cartilage turns to bone Causes bone to grow in length

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Long Bones Diaphysis Shaft of the bone Compact bone surrounding a hollow cavity Medullary Cavity Yellow bone marrow Fat

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Long Bones Periosteum Tough, strong membrane that covers the bone Does not cover the articular cartilage Rich blood supply

Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones-Long Bones Diaphysis Epiphysis Epiphysis Spongy Bone Spongy Bone Articular Cartilage Medullary Cavity Compact Bone Epiphyseal Plate