Final Revision Notes-Grade10

Mobile Telephones Mobile phones uses Radio Waves. Voice signals are transmitted through Antennas. Mobile phones are called “Cell Phones” , Why? The geographic area which an individual tower can provide signal to a phone is called a cell.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) GSM technology is the technology that you (most probably) and 80% of mobile users use for making calls and sending simple messages on their mobile phones GSM

3G (3rd Generation )/4G/4GLTE They refer to enhanced technologies in phone networks. Which mostly to connect the phone to the internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data, and to surf the web.

GPS (Global Positioning System) Uses satellite to transmit signals that cover the globe . Smart phones can receive these signals and calculate phone’s location within 10m. GPS perform faster and can provide positioning when signals are weak or not available.

WiFi - (Wireless Fidelity) It is a wireless network technology that allows phones to be connected to a LAN and to the Internet without wires and cables. Limitations WiFi offers a connection radius of only some dozens of feet. Beyond 20-25 meters, you are simply out of the network. WiFi Hotspot A WiFi hotspot is the area around a WiFi source (Router / Wifi Antenna).

Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data (voice and data) over short distances. It is used to replace wires connectivity for accessories such as speakers, headphones and microphones.

NFC Near Field Communications –NFC. Wireless communication technology it enables data to be exchanged by devices that are very close to each other (within few centimeters)

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Networking Components Hosts (any device that can send and receive traffic r messages over the network) or end user devices (PCs – Phones – Printers- Cameras) Networking devices (hubs, switches, routers) Network media/medium (wired – wireless –radio frequency)

Networking Components Ethernet cable is the technology used in LAN and developed by Xerox. Network Interface Card NIC: a hardware that is installed on each end device to connect it to a network. Each Ethernet has a unique address embedded on the(NIC) which is known as Media Access Control (MAC) Address.

Connecting end user devices IP address – identifies the host on the network Subnet mask – identifies the network on which the host is connected Default gateway - identifies the networking device that the host uses to access the internetS Command used to configure the IP ipconfig Command used to check the communication between network devices ping ipaddress

Manual and Dynamic IP configuration Inserted manually by network administrator Static –never changed unless admin logins and changes it. Dynamic Located automatically by DHCP server Changeable

Network Topology Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. There are two types of topologies: Physical and logical topologies

Shows relevant network configuration information Physical Topology It records where each host is located and how it is connected to the network Logical Topology Shows relevant network configuration information

IP Address – Internet Protocol A numeric address Works as identifier for a computer or a device on a network Every device has an IP Address for communication purposes. Consist of 2 parts: network address + host address (last part) Two types of IP addresses IPv4 and IPv6 192.168.1.60

What is IP V4 It’s a current version and most common ,32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods (.) Each group of numbers in the IPv4 is called an Octet and each octet is 0-255 It can produce around 4 billion unique address

How Ipv-4 Works Computer and network don’t read the numeric format It can understand only the binary format (0,1) IPv4 consist of 4 sets of 8-bits Each set is called an octet The octet chart is represented as follows:

66 . 94 . 29 . 13 Decimal to Binary Conversion 1 1 66 94 29 13 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 66 . 94 . 29 . 13 66 1 94 29 13

192. 168. 1 . 5 Binary to Decimal Conversion 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 192 192 168 1 5 192. 168. 1 . 5

IPv6 Next generation that will accommodate more IP addresses 128-bit hexadecimal address Hexadecimal uses both numbers and alphabets. It can produce over 340 undecillion address (a cardinal number represented in the U.S. by 1 followed by 36 zeros, and in Britain by 1 followed by 66 zeros. )

Networks and Hosts Networks Address Host Address Networks needs to know which part is network address and which one is for the host. Subnet Mask do this job. Subnet mask is 32 bit long .

Public and Private IP addresses There are two types of IP addresses : Public and Private Public Addresses are addresses which are globally set from your ISP (like Etisalat or Du) Can be checked using www.whatismyipaddress.com/ website Private Addresses are addresses which are set by DHCP server. At home if you have many devices connected to the router. Your router will be assigned a public IP address and each device connected to the router via cable or Wi-Fi will get a private IP address from the router.

Public and Private IPv4 addresses Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the organization responsible for registering IP address ranges to organizations and (ISPs). To allow organizations to freely assign private IP addresses, the Network Information Center (InterNIC) has reserved certain address blocks for private use. The following IP blocks are reserved for private IP addresses.

How client and severs interact One of the most common way to organize LAN is Client/Server Topology in which many clients will be connected to one end source. A server : is a high end computer running software application (web server) that provides services for the other hosts connected to the network Services includes: Logins and security File and printer sharing Security and management Internet access Web sites and email services Downloading of applications and music

How client and severs interact There are different types of servers providing the different services Types of Servers Prepared By: Shamsa Alhassouni

Request a website : www.google.ae Clients running web browser software Request web page Request a website : www.google.ae Server responds carrying a Function: sending the requested document back to the client Clients running web browser software

Request web page Server Farm A web server : is usually in a part of the network with other servers called a server farm, or within a data center. A data center can take up one room or more floors, or an entire building. Data centers very expensive to build and keep. For this reason, only large organizations use privately built data centers to house their data and provide services to users

Serving up web pages when requesting a web page Uniform Resource Locator (URL) identifies the following: Protocol used (HTTP) Domain name Location of the resource on the server. Protocol Domain Name Folder Name File Name Prepared By: Shamsa Alhassouni

Domain Name Service DNS : is a protocol for how computers exchange data on the internet and private networks This is known as the TCP/IP protocol suite. Its main job is to turn the domain name into IP address , its like a phone book. Prepared By: Shamsa Alhassouni

What happens when using a domain name

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