Solid Waste Management In ZF Landfill بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Solid Waste Management In ZF Landfill Presenters: Mohammad Joma’ Bara’ Melhem 2010

The project •Municipal solid waste used to be, and is still the case in several Palestinian governorates, disposal of in improperly regulated dumpsites resulting in an unacceptable environmental degradation. •ZF landfill is constructed to improve the solid waste management in the north of West Bank. •Eighty-four dumpsites have closed in response to ZF landfill. •The project is addressing the activities and practices (collection, transferring, dumping, covering by soil) that take place daily at ZF landfill

Project Objectives The main goals of the project are: Address the daily activates at ZF landfill. Show the waste collection and separation apply at ZF. Address the environmental and social issues to the collection, separation and recycling system. Estimate the service life of ZF landfill and the possibilities prolong it.

What has been done ? Collect data and information about ZF landfill Elaboration on ZF landfill activities. Apply questionnaire Data analysis Conclusions and recommendations

Project Area • Zahret Al-Finjan is located in Jenin governorate, it is located about 18 km east of Jenin city. • The site consists of : * Limestone, dolomite and marl (Cretaceous). * Chalk and cherty (Tertiary) * Chalk, Limestone and cherty (Eocene). * Alluvium (Pleistocene to recent).

Location of ZF landfill

ZF landfill The landfill area for the project is 240,000m2 , which includes 90,000m2 waste cells . The total capacity of the project is 2,250,000 tons of solid waste. Currently the landfill receives around 500 tons of waste per day coming from the north of West Bank (Jenin, Tubas, Nablus, Tulkarem, Qalqilyia and some villages) . Currently, the quantity are expected to increase to 750 tons of waste per day.

Construction of ZF landfill Excavation & Embankment works. Lining works. Leachate System Rainfall drainage The Roads Fence and gate Mechanical works Electrical works

Excavation works

Lining Layer

ZF Landfill administration

Solid Waste generation The average generation per capita in Palestine is as : 1) Rural area such as small villages, in range (0.4-0.6) kg/capita/day. 2) Refuge camps, in range (0.5-0.8) kg/capita/day. 3) Town and big villages in range (0.6-0.8) kg/capita/day.. 4) Cities, in range (0.9-1.2) kg/capita/day.

Solid Waste Composition There are different types of solid waste according sources of the solid waste, the types of solid waste is: Domestic waste, (45-50)% of the total waste. Industrial waste, for processing and non-processing industries, (20-25)% of the solid waste. Commercial waste, (25-30)% of the total waste. Agricultural waste, (15-20)% of the total of waste.

Collection of solid waste The solid waste collected in the West Bank by different method: 1) Direct collection. 2) Skip-Lifts containers. 3) Manual door-to-door collection.

Transfer stations Transfer station is a facility constructed to gather and later transport the waste. The main objectives of transfer stations is reducing the cost of waste transportation, reduce the number of trips from the landfill, reduce air pollution. Four transfer stations considered at the ZF landfill

Solid Waste dumping in ZF Landfill • Weigh bridge The weighing system to identify the quantity of waste coming in the landfill.

• Spreading and compaction The waste spreading and compaction occur every day by using bulldozer, these processes affect largely the capacity of the landfill and stabilization of the landfill layers.

• Soil cover Daily soil cover, (15-20)cm. Final soil cover, (1-1.2)m. important of the soil cover: Prevent bad odor, prevent harmful insects, prevent catching and spreading of fires on the site and reduce the volume of leachate.

• Insects control The JSC operation unit control insects by sprinkling insecticides in all place around the dump site.

ZF Future Activities • Recycling system Recycling is the practice of using a material more than once. ZF landfill separate plastic waste, and it will prepare to a separation station. Composting Composting is the controlled decomposition of organic material.

• Gas system Methane and carbon dioxide are common gases generated in dump sites. Control of gas movement by permeable method, through install vent made of materials that are more permeable than the surrounding soil.

Questionnaire analysis • 17 LGUs have been covered by the interview. • Total population is 171,000 . • 107 sample size have been covered by the interview. • 10 employees and workers at ZF landfill was interview.

Sample Characteristics 58% males and 42% females 78% married and 22% single

Street cleanness Improving the health and environmental condition to the citizen

Successful polls about ZF Closing the uncontrolled dumpsites. Rehabilitation of an old dumpsite to be playground. Decrease the expenses for SWM. More efficient collection and increase the percentage of the served people. No more uncontrolled

Concerns and attitudes of public 31% of the population sample know ZF landfill location and have an idea about ZF project. 60% maintain that the health status of the community is better after the operation of ZF landfill. 62% consider that the solid waste collection is better after operation ZF landfill.

Concerns and attitudes of ZF employee 78% maintain the income is better after joining ZF landfill, and the same percentage mention the job stability. 67% know about the project details. 89% consider the job does not threat their healthy and they did not faced health problem. 78% of the employee underwent training. ZF provides the workers suitable wears and tools of their work as 78% of them stated.

Positive issues highlighted positive affects health and environment from improved waste collection and disposal practices Modern sanitary land filling will create opportunities to start composting and recycling activities with private sector involvement. Expectations of employment opportunities for local residents during construction and operation of the site. Possible extension of electricity and water supply to the local area during the landfill lifetime. asphalted access road to the landfill site might improve access to agricultural lands for farmers.

Negative issues highlighted The potential odor, dust, visual and noise impacts from site activities The compensation measures to be taken by the Palestinian Authority for temporary and permanent loss of land in productive use The reduction in local property values The potential impact on the drinking water quality

Project life Area of landfill = 90,000 m2 High of landfill = 35m Average waste quantity = 625 ton/day Capacity of landfill = 3,150,000 m3 Soil cover percent = 18% Landfill waste capacity = 2,583,000 m3 The life time of the landfill = 11.5 year If the ZF apply reuse-recycling system, the life of ZF landfill will increase eight years.