EuCARD 1st Annual Meeting European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development Highlight talk 1 WP8: Advanced Materials and Collimators for the LHC EuCARD 1st Annual Meeting 14th April 2010 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Oxfordshire-UK Dallocchio, A. Bertarelli (CERN) On behalf of WP8 ColMat collaboration

Outline Objectives Proposed Design for New Collimators Numerical Simulations Prototyping Advanced Materials R&D Future outlook Conclusions 2 2

EuCARD WP8: Main Goals Identify and characterize advanced materials for high power accelerators under extreme conditions. Predict residual dose rates for irradiated materials and their life expectancy. Design, construct and test collimator prototype(s) for upgraded LHC performances. Design, construct and test one cryogenic collimator prototype for use in FAIR and possibly LHC. Develop crystal engineering solutions for collimation. 5 Dec 08 R. Assmann

Design of New LHC Collimators Left Jaw Right Jaw Vacuum tank Existing LHC collimator with graphite-based Jaws Particle beam axis 4

Design of New LHC Collimators Focus on most critical component: Collimator jaw Modular design (a common baseline for the jaw assembly allows the use of alternative materials for the jaw). Back-stiffener concept to allow maximum geometrical stability (improves collimator efficiency). Optimized internal cooling circuit to absorb very high heat-loads. Integrated BPMs to minimize set-up time. 5

Fine adjustment system Collimator Jaw Design Jaw with 3 Segments on 2 intermediate adjustable support. Modular design allowing choice of alternative materials Fine adjustment system Mo Back-Stiffener Segmented jaw: each piece independently supported on the back stiffener. Enhanced geometrical stability 6 6 6

Collimator Jaw Design Jaw with 3 Segments on 2 intermediate adjustable support. Modular design allowing choice of alternative materials Each sector independently cooled by a brazed cooler Jaw Jaw - Stiffener Machined cooling circuit with brazed covers Back - Stiffener 7 7 7

Numerical simulations FLUKA model of complete Phase II collimator Thermal deflection (Steady-state 1 hr beam life time) Courtesy L. Lari, F. Cerutti – CERN Fluka team Total deposited power (@4.0 e11 p/s) ~100 kW Max. thermal deflection: ~30µm

Thermo-mechanical analyses Preliminary simulations of direct 7 TeV beam impact (200 ns): SiC gives promising results (no melting as opposed to Glidcop jaw). Simulations with hydrodynamic codes + dynamic characterization of the materials + HiRadMat tests are foreseen. Glidcop Jaw Temperature distribution in case of Asynchronous Beam Dump at 7 TeV Max Pressure increase of cooling water: ~60bar SiC Jaw Maximum principal stress distribution in case of Asynchronous Beam Dump at 7 TeV ~25bar 9 9 9

Thermo-mechanical analyses Preliminary simulations of direct 7 TeV beam impact (200 ns): SiC gives promising results (no melting as opposed to Glidcop jaw). Simulations with hydrodynamic codes + dynamic characterization of the materials + HiRadMat tests are foreseen. Melted region (grey) 5mm Affected region (grey): Thermal stresses exceeding tensile strength Glidcop SiC 10 10 10

Thermo-structural FEM analyses including hydrodynamic effects (phase changes, shock waves…) is necessary!

Advanced numerical simulations FEM simulation with explicit formulation and hydrodynamic approach to simulate shock wave induced by beam impact and to assess structural damage. Numerical simulation to be validated via HiRadMat experiments. Pressure Material EOS to describe hydrostatic stress tensor r deletion Beam impact Courtesy L. PeroniA, M. ScapinA, N. TahirB APOLITECNICO DI TORINO B GSI

Prototyping BPM functional prototype assembled and installed in SPS. First electrical tests provide promising results. 13 13

Prototyping 1st full prototype of new collimator under manufacturing at CERN workshop. Ready for tests end 2010 (RF impedance, BPMs, motorization…) 14 14

Advanced Materials R&D Jaw materials (goals) Tailored electrical conductivity to improve RF stability. High thermo-mechanical stability and robustness. Higher density (high-Z) to improve collimation efficiency. Strong resistance to particle radiation. 15

Mono-crystalline diamond particles (~100mm) Advanced Materials R&D Metal- diamond composites are advanced thermal management materials usually obtained by liquid metal pressure infiltration or hot pressing… Courtesy L. Weber – EPFL Mono-crystalline diamond particles (~100mm) Hydraulic pressure Vacuum chamber Graphite Heater Graphite die Punch Powder Courtesy E. Neubauer – AIT 16

Advanced Materials R&D Intensive new Materials Characterization in collaboration with several institutes (AIT, EPFL, GSI, RRC-KI, PoliTo) Cu-CD Liquid Infiltration (EPFL: Al-CD and Ag-CD as possible alternatives) Hot Pressing (AIT) SiC Sintered vs. CVD (suitable suppliers under evaluation) GlidCop Molybdenum Copper Diamond Composite Silicon Carbide

Advanced Materials R&D Ongoing Activities Brazing Tests already performed: Cu/SiC, CuCD/SiC, CuCD/Cu… Simulation of brazing processes ongoing Coatings Optimization of coatings for improved Cu/Glidcop brazing (CERN) Materials Characterization Thermo-physical Properties (CERN, AIT, EPFL) Dynamic Characterization and Shock-wave Simulations (PoliTo) Materials Irradiation (KI, GSI, AIT) Work-plan established on ColMat Meeting 26/02/2010

Advanced Materials R&D Radiation hardness is a critical aspect for the lifetime of C-C jaws used for Phase I collimators …Large Test campaign is under way Courtesy Kurchatov Institute According to data available in literature all potential materials (SiC, Copper, Diamond) exhibit good behaviour against radiation … Lower doses on surrounding equipment will extend lifetime of critical components (e.g. Warm Quadrupoles) 19

Advanced Materials R&D Present and Future Outlook Manufacturing of Metal-CD samples (AIT) Large Cu-CD tiles produced by AIT Optimization of CD content (AIT / EPFL) Irradiation studies (KI, GSI) Samples to be provided by AIT Tests to be carried out by KI and GSI (results by Apr. ‘11) Material characterization Material candidates fully characterized (thermo-physical and mechanical properties). AIT, PoliTo, CERN, EPFL Simulations In-depth Hydrodynamic FEM simulations (CERN, PoliTo; GSI) Courtesy AIT 20 20

Conclusions I Jaw design based on a modular concept, allowing different materials to be adopted. BPMs integrated to reduce set-up time. Only way for fast set-up at high energies and intensities. Particular care devoted to flatness control, minimization of induced deflection, heat evacuation. BPM functional prototype built, installed and being tested in the SPS. New full collimator prototype under manufacturing. Ready End 2010 for HiRadMat tests. 21 21 21

Conclusions II Material R&D program in progress, but lot of work still ahead of us. Main axes are: Development of Metal-CD (Cu-CD, Ag-CD, Mo-CD?) Assembling different materials (SiC, SiC coating, brazing) Irradiation tests and simulations FEM and hydrodynamic simulations. Tracking simulations 22 22

Thank you for your attention! 23

Advanced Materials R&D Diamond-based metals Ceramics Silicon Carbides Carbon/Carbon Metals 24