9/4 Do Now! Fill out the Vocabulary Term Sheet on Your Desk with the word of the day- Environment Environment: All external conditions and factors, living and non-living, that affect any living organism

Environmental Science is… Interdisciplinary study that uses information from the physical and social sciences to learn how the earth works, how we interact with the earth, and how to deal with environmental problems.

Do Now 9/8 Write the definition of Resources in your notes. (if you would like a blank vocab sheet you can find one in extra copies) Resources: Anything obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants. It can also be applied to other species

Exponential Growth: Definition: A quantity that increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time Human population increases at approximately 2% per year

Worldometer http://Current Human Population/ 53% of the people in the world have a daily income of less than $2.00 1/6 people are desperately poor at less than $1.00/day What does this mean for the earth’s resources?

Natural Capital Natural resources that keep us and other species alive and support our economies Degrading natural capital Example: Cutting down a forest faster than it can regrow

Environmental Problems What keeps us alive? What is an environmentally sustainable society? How fast is the human population growing? What is the difference economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?

9/9 Do Now Copy the definition of ecology into your notes. Ecology: Biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment.

Economic Growth: the increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods, and services

Gross Domestic Product: the annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.

Economic Development the improvement of human living standards by economic growth Developed Countries: (Made up of approximately 1.2 billion people) U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Most European countries Developing Countries: (Made up of approximately 5.4 billion people) Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Exponential Growth And the Rule of 70 70/percentage growth rate= doubling time in years Example: If the human population grew at 1.43% this past year, how long would it take to double the human population? 70/1.43= 48.95 years

The rule of 70: Since 1985, China’s economy has been growing at 9.5% a year. At this growth rate, how many years would it take china to double?

Perpetual resources a resource that is renewed continuously on a human time scale

Renewable Resource can be replenished fairly rapidly through natural processes as long as it is not used faster than it is replaced.

Sustainable Yield: the highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing it’s available supply

Common property (aka free-access resources) individuals do not own these resources, and they are free or cost very little to use What are some examples of free access resources?

Tragedy of the commons: each user reasons. “If I do not use this resource someone else will. The little bit I use or produce will not matter.”

How can we prevent the tragedy of the commons?

9/10 Do Now: On a piece of scrap paper, write you name and answer the following question… What is the tragedy of the commons? Hand into the inbox when finished.

Ecological footprint: the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resources

Per capita ecological footprint: the average ecological footprint of an individual in an area What happens when a country exceeds its ecological capacity (aka biocapacity)?

Ecological Credit Card It is estimated that it will take the resources of 1.39 planet earths to indefinitely support or current production and consumption of renewable resources.

How is the growth of the world’s ecological footprint related to exponential growth of the world’s population and economies? What are three things you would do to reduce the global ecological footprint and your own individual foot print?

Do Now 9/15 Copy the definition of Environmentalism in your notes. Environmentalism: Social movement dedicated to protecting the earth’s life support systems for us and other species.

Stepped Art = + NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL CAPITAL NATURAL SERVICES Air Water Soil Land Life (biodiversity) Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand) Renewable energy (sun, wind, water flows) Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels, nuclear power) NATURAL CAPITAL Air purification Water purification Soil renewal Nutrient recycling Food production Pollination Grassland renewal Forest renewal Waste treatment Climate Control Population control (species interactions) Pest control NATURAL CAPITAL Stepped Art Fig. 1-4, p. 9

POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Economic growth provides people with more goods and services. Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) Economic development uses economic growth to improve living standards. The world’s countries economic status (developed vs. developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP

Percentage of World's 18 Population 82 Population Growth 0.1 1.5 85 Wealth and Income 15 Resource use 88 Figure 1.5 Global outlook: comparison of developed and developing countries, 2006. (Data from the United Nations and the World Bank) 12 Pollution and waste 75 25 Developed countries Developing countries Fig. 1-5, p. 11

Figure 1.6 Generalized distribution of poverty. Poverty is found mostly in the southern hemisphere, largely because of unfavorable climates and geological bad luck in terms of fertile soils, minerals, and fossil fuel supplies. (Data from United Nations and World Bank) Fig. 1-6, p. 11

RESOURCES Perpetual: On a human time scale are continuous. Renewable: On a human time scale can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades). Nonrenewable: On a human time scale are in fixed supply.

Nonrenewable Resources Exist as fixed quantity Becomes economically depleted. Recycling and reusing extends supply Recycling processes waste material into new material. Reuse is using a resource over again in the same form. Figure 1-8

Ecological footprint: the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resources

Total Footprint (million hectares) and Share of Global Ecological Capacity (%) 2,810 (25%) United States 2,160 (19%) European Union 2,050 (18%) China Figure 1.7 Natural capital use and degradation: total and per capita ecological footprints of selected countries in 2002 (left). By 2002, humanity’s average ecological footprint was about 39% higher than the earth’s ecological capacity (right). (Data from Worldwide Fund for Nature, UN Environment Programme, Global Footprint Network, Worldwatch Institute) 780 (7%) India Japan 540 (5%) Fig. 1-7a, p. 13

Earth’s Ecological Capacity Number of Earths Humanity's Ecological Footprint Figure 1.7 Natural capital use and degradation: total and per capita ecological footprints of selected countries in 2002 (left). By 2002, humanity’s average ecological footprint was about 39% higher than the earth’s ecological capacity (right). (Data from Worldwide Fund for Nature, UN Environment Programme, Global Footprint Network, Worldwatch Institute) Year Fig. 1-7c, p. 13

Footprint Per Person (hectares per person) 9.7 United States 4.7 European Union 1.6 China Figure 1.7 Natural capital use and degradation: total and per capita ecological footprints of selected countries in 2002 (left). By 2002, humanity’s average ecological footprint was about 39% higher than the earth’s ecological capacity (right). (Data from Worldwide Fund for Nature, UN Environment Programme, Global Footprint Network, Worldwatch Institute) 0.8 India 4.8 Japan Fig. 1-7b, p. 13

Per capita ecological footprint: the average ecological footprint of an individual in an area What happens when a country exceeds its ecological capacity (aka biocapacity)?

Ecological Credit Card It is estimated that it will take the resources of 1.39 planet earths to indefinitely support or current production and consumption of renewable resources.

POLLUTION Pollutants are chemicals found at high enough levels in the environment to cause harm to organisms. Point source Nonpoint source Figure 1-9

Pollutant Sources Point source- single identifiable source Ex. Smokestack of a coal burning industrial plant Nonpoint source- larger, dispersed, difficult to identify Ex. Pesticides sprayed into the air and carried by the wind

Pollution Effects Pollutants can have three types of unwanted effects: 1.) Can disrupt / degrade life-support systems. 2.) Can damage health and property. 3.) Can create nuisances such as noise and unpleasant smells, tastes, and sights.

The 2 Pollution Solutions Pollution Prevention AKA Input pollution control Pollution Cleanup or Output pollution control.

Find an Article on Pollution The article must demonstrate how pollution affects your life. Based on the article you find, write minimum of ½ page explaining how pollution affects your life. COMPLETE AS HOMEWORK IF NOT FINISHED IN CLASS Due Wednesday 9/17