Umm Al-Qura University بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Umm Al-Qura University Health Sciences College at Al-Leith Department of Public Health Lecture (11)

cockroaches

Objectives 1/ Define of Cockroaches species. 2/ Define Cockroaches classification, Geographical Distribution, External morphology, Life cycle, Adult behavior and Medical important. 3/ Understand the role of Cockroaches in Transmission of parasitic diseases. 4/ Understand the Mechanisms of Cockroaches diseases Transmission to human. 5/ Define Treatment of Cockroaches diseases and Prevention. 6/ Apply of Cockroaches control methods.

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropods Class Insecta Sub class Ptrygota Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropods Class Insecta Sub class Ptrygota Order Dictyoptera

There are almost 4000 species of cockroaches There are almost 4000 species of cockroaches. About 50 species have become domestic pests, and the most important medically are: 1- Blattela germanica (the German cockroach) 2- Blatella orientalis (the oriental cockroach) 3- Periplaneta americana (the American cockroach) 4- Periplaneta australasiae (the Australian cockroach) 5- Supella longipalpa (the brown banded cockroach)

1- Blatella germanica( الصرصر الماني) 2- Blatta orientalis(الصرصر الشرقي) 3- Periplaneta americana (الصرصر الامريكي) 4- Periplaneta australasiae (الصرصر الاسترالي) 5- Supella longipalpa (الصرصر ذو الحزم البنية)

External Anotomy

Main external Anatomy of cockroaches 1- the body divided into head, thorax and abdomen. 2- they have a pair of long antenna. 3- and have 3 pairs of strong legs. 4- 2 pair of wing. 5- tow sex they have cerci in abdominal tip but males they have also a pair of stylets.

It has a worldwide distribution Types of Cockroaches:

Adults German cockroaches are yellowish-tan but nymphs are black, with a light-colored stripe up the mid-dorsum. The wings cover most of the body in adults of both sexes. German cockroach. From left: adult male, adult female, nymph, ootheca.

Oriental cockroach is large, measuring 20 to 27 mm in length Oriental cockroach is large, measuring 20 to 27 mm in length. All stages are dark brown to black. Females are wingless, in males the wings cover about two-thirds of the abdomen. Oriental cockroach. From left: adult male, adult female, nymph, ootheca.

Brown-banded cockroach measuring 10 to 14 mm in length Brown-banded cockroach measuring 10 to 14 mm in length. There are two dark, transverse stripes or bands on the dorsum. Brown-banded cockroach. From left: adult male, adult female,nymph, ootheca

American cockroach measures 35 to 40 mm in length and is a chocolate-brown color in all stages. Adults of both sexes are fully winged. American cockroach. From left: adult male, adult female, nymph, ootheca.

Lifecycle: Eggs are laid in a brown bean-shaped ootheca it contains (12 – 48) eggs. The oothecae are deposited undersides of tables, chairs, and beds. Nymphs hatch from the eggs after about one to three months. The nymphs are wingless. There are usually six nymphal instars. The duration of the nymphal stage varies from 22 weeks to 18 months according to species.

Adults behaviour: Cockroaches like warmth and during the day they hide away behind water pipes (any dark places such as septic tanks, sewers, rubbish dumps, behind refrigerators, dishes in kitchens) Cockroaches are nocturnal in habits and rarely seen during the day. Cockroaches feed on mans food, books, hair, dried blood, excreta, dead insects,.

1- Viruses: poliomyelitis Medical importance: 1- Viruses: poliomyelitis 2- Protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas hominis, Giardia intestinalis and Balantidium coli eggs. 3- Bacteria: Escerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae & Salmonella species. 4- Enterobius vermicularis egg. 5- Toxoplasma gondi.

Prevention and Control Leave no food for cockroaches: - Keep a kitchen dry and clean. - Store food properly and remove food waste completely after feeding. 2- Stop Cockroaches from entering our houses: Seal all openings on external walls, floors and roofs. 3-Trapping: -Use sticky traps at places frequented by cockroaches. 4- Poisoning: - Use insecticide with residual effect for killing the pest by contact

Thanks Radia 33