HE Calorimeter Upgrade Studies

Outline We are proposing to replace HE scintillators with quartz plates for high luminosity LHC runs. 0th Phase of R&D Show that Quartz is Radiation Hard 1st Phase of R&D Cherenkov Light Collection from Quartz Plate Tests of WLS fiber Embedded Quartz Plate Calorimeter 2nd Phase of R&D Light enhancement tools: ZnO, PTP Tests of PTP Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter 3rd Phase of R&D Alternative readout options: SiPMT, APD Radiation Hard WLS Fiber options Final Upgrade Proposal

Zeroth Phase of R&D We tested various quartz types under electron, proton, neutron, and gamma radiation. Electron Irradiation Tests: Dumanoglu et al. “Radiation-hardness studies of high OH content quartz fibres irradiated with 500 MeV electrons” Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 490 (2002) 444-455 Proton Irradiation Tests: Cankocak et al. “Radiation-hardness measurements of high OH content quartz fibres irradiated with 24 GeV protons up to 1.25 Grad“ Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 585 (2008) 20–27 Neutron and Gamma Irradiation Tests: Bruecken et al. “Radiation Damage in Quartz Fibers Exposed to Energetic Neutrons” CMS Internal Note 2006/014, In preparation for IEEE TNS submission.

First Phase of the R&D We showed that Cherenkov light collection inside the quartz is feasible with UV absorbing WLS fibers. F. Duru et al. “CMS Hadronic EndCap Calorimeter Upgrade Studies for SLHC - Cerenkov Light Collection from Quartz Plates” , IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol 55, Issue 2, 734-740, Apr 2008.

We built and tested “WLS Fiber Embedded Quartz Plate First Phase of the R&D We built and tested “WLS Fiber Embedded Quartz Plate Calorimeter” Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype with WLS fibers U. Akgun et al., "Quartz Plate Calorimeter as SLHC Upgrade to CMS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeters", XIII International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics, CALOR 2008, Pavio, Italy, May 2008, Published in J.Phys.Conf.Ser.160:012015, 2009 and  CMS-CR-2008-056

Second Phase of the R&D We showed that radiation hard light enhancement tools (pTp, and ZnO) can be used with quartz. U. Akgun et al., "P-Terphenyl Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype", IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference, Dresden, Germany, 19-25 October 2008

We built and tested “PTP Deposited Quartz Plate Second Phase of the R&D We built and tested “PTP Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter” U. Akgun et al. "CMS Hadronic Calorimeter Upgrade Studies - P-Terphenyl Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype ", APS 2009, Denver, CO, USA, May 2009

Second Phase of R&D We also run pTp calorimeter in EM mode (with 2 cm absorber thickness). We can Use combination as radiation hard CMS Endcap Calorimeter (EE + HE). Paper Accepted for publication by IEEE TNS, Nov 09 “CMS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter Upgrade Studies for SLHC P-Terphenyl Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype''

Third Phase of the R&D We constructed and tested alternative readout options from pTp deposited quartz plates: APD, SiPMT, PIN diode. They are not very effective and most importantly, the APD and SiPMTs are not radiation hard.

Our solution for alternative readout is “Microchannel PMT” Third Phase of the R&D Our solution for alternative readout is “Microchannel PMT” Fast response time, high gain, small size, robust construction, power efficiency, wide bandwidth, radiation hardness, and low cost.

Third Phase of the R&D We Develop Radiation Hard Wavelength Shifing Fibers: Quartz fibers with PTP/ZnO covered core. We built a radiation hard WLS fiber prototype. Deposited pTp on the stripped region, on both face. Then the whole ribbon will be sandwiched between quartz plates.

Third Phase of the R&D ~ 20 cm ~ 50 cm We prepared a “homemade” rad-hard WLS fiber. We stripped the plastic cladding from QP fibers for “middle 20 cm” portion of 60 cm fibers. This unit was tested with 80 GeV electron shower. The red line show the pedestal. With a very simple prototype we collected substantial signal.

Final Plan We have two “viable” options for HE Upgrade, these can also be applied to EE region with 2 cm absorber thickness. Will read signal from PTP deposited plate, directly. This will require radiation hard detector: multi channel PMT. The current technology of APD and SiPMT is NOT enough. Will use WLS fibers This requires rad-hard WLS fiber, which DOES not exist. We built a primitive prototype with PTP, it is promising. Need R&D on PTP, ZnO deposition on quartz fibers. Sapphire fiber is another option.

HF Calorimeter Upgrade Studies

Abnormal Events at HF Iowa Group (A. Moeller and T. Yetkin) discovered abnormally high events in HF, during 2004 TB analysis. “Design, Performance, and Calibration of CMS Forward Calorimeter Wedges” Eur. Phys. J. C53, 1, 2008 "Beam Test Results for the Anomalous Large Energy Events Removal in Hadronic Forward Calorimeter", CMS DN-2009/005

Discrimination with Timing Properties “A Novel Method to Eliminate Muon Events on HF PMT Windows”, CMS DN-2009/012 Normal HF Signal Muon Signal on PMT

Replacing the HF PMTs We propose to replace HFPMTs with “thin glass”, high Q.E., 4-anode PMTs 2009 CERN Beam Tests: Testing new PMTs for muon incidence response and calorimeter signal response "Tests of CMS HF Candidate PMTs with Muons", CMS DN-2009/011 "Study of CMS HF Candidate PMTs with Cerenkov Light in Electron Showers", CMS DN-2009/012, CMS Note submitted.

Less Muon Interaction Better Cherenkov Detection Muon Response of PMTs Čerenkov Light Response of PMTs

An algorithm can eliminate PMT events in 4-anode PMT PMTs in the beamline PMT Window Event Selection and Signal Recovery

Digital Calorimeter Studies

Digital Hadron Calorimeter With RPCs Fishing Lines Default Design Resistive paint Mylar 1.2mm gas gap Aluminum foil 1.1mm glass -HV Signal pads G10 board Exotic Design Resistive paint Signal pads Mylar Aluminum foil 1.1mm glass 1.2mm gas gap -HV G10 board board Fishing Lines muon 8 GeV e+ 8 GeV pi-

Measurements of Operational Parameters Selected Results Measurements of Positron Showers Measurements of Operational Parameters 1 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 3 P05001, 2008 2 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 4 P04006, 2009. Large System Simulations 3 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 4 P10008, 2009.

Selected Results Rate Measurements 4 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 4 P06003, 2009. Measurements of Environmental Effects Submitted to JINST. http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.1351