13-17 April 2015 Mon: Presentation on The 1850’s : Crisis of Union, “Political Divisions”. Answer focus questions. Homework: Make flashcards for highlighted terms and names from notes. Read Chapter 14 Section 3 on pages 450-454. Complete Section assessment questions 1-5. STUDY FOR TEST! Tues: Presentation on The 1850’s : Crisis of Union, “The Nation Divides”. Answer focus questions. Homework: Make flashcards for highlighted terms and names from notes. Read Chapter 14 Section 4 on pages 455-459 Complete Section assessment questions 1-5. STUDY FOR TEST! Wed: Video, America, the Story of Us: Division. Answer questions. Chapter 14 Test. Flashcards due. Thurs: Video, America, the Story of Us: Division. Answer questions. Chapter 14 Test. Flashcards due. Fri: Video on The South Carolina Articles of Secession. Video on Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, take notes. Video on the Attack on Fort Sumter, take notes. Answer essential question.

Chapter 14 Section 3: Political Divisions Pages 450-454

Changes in Political Parties Some Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers, and abolitionists joined in 1854 to form the Republican Party. United against spread of slavery in the West Nominated explorer John C. Frémont, who stood against spread of slavery Democrats were in trouble. Those who supported the Kansas-Nebraska debate were not re-elected. Nominated James Buchanan, Polk's secretary of state, who had not been involved in Kansas-Nebraska debate Buchanan was elected by winning 14 of 15 slave states.

Focus Question #1 How did political parties in the United States change due to the movement to expand slavery.

Dred Scott Dred Scott was slave of a Missouri physician Had been taken to free territory by owner Sued for freedom in 1846 after owner died, arguing he had become free when he lived in free territory Case reached Supreme Court in 1857

Dred Scott v. Sandford Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote majority opinion Ruled that African Americans, whether free or slave, were not citizens and had no right to sue in federal court; also ruled Missouri Compromise restriction on slavery was unconstitutional Most white southerners were cheered by the decision. Ruling stunned many northerners, including Illinois lawyer Abraham Lincoln, who warned about its consequences

Abraham Lincoln: A House Divided If we could just know where we are and whither we appear to be tending, we could all better judge of what to do, and how to do it. We are now well into our fifth year since a policy was initiated with the avowed object and confident purpose of putting an end to slavery agitation. However, under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease until a crisis shall have been reached and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest this further spread and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is on a course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates shall press it forward, until it shall become alike lawful in all of the States, old as well as new, North as well as South.

Focus Question #2 How did the Dred Scott decision create further division over the issue of slavery?

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) Illinois Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln for the U.S. Senate in 1858. His opponent was Democrat Stephen Douglas, who had been senator since 1847. Lincoln challenged Douglas to what became the historic Lincoln-Douglas debates.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln stressed that central issue of campaign was spread of slavery in the West Douglas criticized Lincoln for saying nation could not remain “half slave and half free” Douglas put forth Freeport Doctrine: people had right to introduce or exclude slavery, and police would enforce their decision even if it contradicted the Supreme Court Freeport Doctrine helped Douglas win, but Lincoln became an important Republican Party leader and later president.

Focus Question #3 How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates bring attention to the conflict over slavery?

The Essential Question How did the split over the issue of slavery intensify due to political division and judicial decisions?