Mohd Nawawi and Amin E. Khalil PPSF, Universiti Sains Malaysia 9/13/2018 6:19 PM Application of Integrated Geophysical Technique for the mapping of old Foundation Pilings at Penang Sentral, Butterworth, Pulau Penang Malaysia. Mohd Nawawi and Amin E. Khalil PPSF, Universiti Sains Malaysia © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

overview Problem statement Site Layout Planned Geophysical techniques 9/13/2018 6:19 PM overview Problem statement Site Layout Planned Geophysical techniques Methods overview Survey layout. Results © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

9/13/2018 6:19 PM Problem Statement The site under investigation is planned for new development project at Pulau Pinang state. 20 years ago another project was established at the site. However, the project as cancelled and the buildings were removed and the foundations was buried. These buried foundation piles decelerated the construction of the new project. This is motivation of the present work. © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Site Layout Parking Phase 1 Bus area Taxi area

Ferry Site Layout (cont.) R. Penang 9/13/2018 6:19 PM Site Layout (cont.) R. Penang Ferry The site is a connection center where various land and marine transportation exist. These facilities are: 1- The ferry that connects Penang island with the mainland. 2- The railway station (KTM) that connect the state with other Malaysian states. 3- Rapid Penang bus station. 4- Asphaltic roads and a flyover bridge. © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Planned Geophysical methods Foundation Piles can be detected through these properties: Density contrast. Shear wave velocity. Magnetic properties due to iron bars. Resistivity Dielectric constant

Planned Geophysical methods Hence the following Methods was proposed Gravity. Magnetic gradiometer Multichannel Analysis of Surface waves. Time domain electromagnetic Ground Penetrating Radar GPR

Gravity CG-5 autograv Although density contrast exist between concrete piling and surrounding soil, the area is too noisy that we couldn’t carry out a reliable gravity survey. As a result the gravity method was excluded from the survey

9/13/2018 6:19 PM Magnetic gradiometer Preliminary test showed good results confirmed by field inspection. Example in figure shows high anomaly at Profile 1. © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

9/13/2018 6:19 PM MASW (Multichannel analysis of surface waves). Two problems when test MASW at the site. These problems are the high noise and low resolution of the method. Hence, the method was excluded © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

GPR The method gave good result as shown in the figure.

1- Magnetic Gradiometer 9/13/2018 6:19 PM Methods Used 1- Magnetic Gradiometer 2- GPR © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Magnetic Gradiometer The technique uses measurements from two proton magnetometer aligned vertically at a spacing of 1m. The subtraction gives the vertical gradient of magnetic field. The gradiant enhances the near surface anomaly.

GPR The technique produce profiles similar to seismic reflection profile. An electromagnetic pulse is sent to the subsurface, the reflected energy from anomalous surfaces is then recorded at the receiver at near zero offset.

Survey Layout Grid points at 5m separation.

9/13/2018 6:19 PM Results © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Results (cont.)

conclusion Old foundation piling decelerate the establishment of new development project Near surface geophysical methods were employed to solve the problem. Magnetic gradiometer and GPR showed good example for detecting old foundation piles. Other methods couldn’t be applied because of the site conditions

شكرا جزيلا Terima Kasih Thank you