Kinetic and Potential Energy have many forms

Types of Kinetic Motion Thermal Electrical Light Sound

Energy associated with movement of any object 1. Motion Energy - Energy associated with movement of any object

2. Thermal Energy (Heat) - Total energy of the particles in an object

Example: Heating causes the particles to move faster = more thermal energy

Energy of moving electrons 4. Electrical energy - Energy of moving electrons

Example : electric outlet

5. Radiant or Electromagnetic (Light) energy Travels in waves

Examples: lightbulb, microwave

Caused by an object’s vibrations 6. Sound energy- Caused by an object’s vibrations

Example : guitar, boombox

4 types of potential energy 1. Elastic P.E. Gravitation P.E. Chemical P. E. Nuclear.

Energy of position due to height Gravitational P.E. - Energy of position due to height GPE = mass x gravity x height Gravity = 9.8 m/s 2

Example of Gravitational PE

Stored energy in something compressed or stretched. Elastic P.E - Stored energy in something compressed or stretched.

Example of Elastic PE

Chemical Potential Energy Energy stored in chemical bonds Examples: food, gasoline

Energy stored in chemical bonds 3. Chemical energy - Energy stored in chemical bonds

Examples: wood, food, gasoline, batteries

Calculating Potential Energy PE = (mass)(gravitational field strength)(height) or PE = m g h g = 9.8 N/kg Units: N/m or Joule (J)

Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom 7. Nuclear energy - Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Example : nuclear power plants, sun

Mechanical Energy Sum of the Kinetic and Potential energy

Examples: most moving objects have mechanical energy

A change from one form of energy to another Energy Conversions - A change from one form of energy to another

Lamp : electrical energy converts to light energy Conversion example 1 Lamp : electrical energy converts to light energy

Water heater : Chemical energy of gas to thermal (heat ) energy Conversion example 2: Water heater : Chemical energy of gas to thermal (heat ) energy

Human body : converts chemical energy in food to mechanical energy Conversion example 3: Human body : converts chemical energy in food to mechanical energy

Energy is Conserved

Energy is conserved

Energy is Conserved

Pendulum

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed Energy can change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy always remains the same

Conversion of Energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transformed from one form to another. A waterfall has both kinetic and potential energy. The water at the top of the waterfall has stored potential energy. Once the water leaves the top of the waterfall, the potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.