Reproductive organs Dr. Sándor Katz
Female reproductive system Internal constituents: Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina External constituents: Clitoris Labia minora 3. Labia majora
Female reproductive organs - location Infraperitoneal organs.
Ovary Connective tissue bed filled follicles with developing ova. Parts: Cortex Medulla (Women can ovulate between 10-50 years of age – 480 ovulation/reproductive period.)
Maturation of follicles 1. Primordial follicle: simple squamous epithelium 2. Primary follicle: simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Secondary follicle: stratified cuboidal epithelium 3.
Maturation of follicles 4. Graafian follicle
Fallopian tube Transports ova. Fimbriae Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus
Uterus Fundus Body Cervix
Ligaments of uterus
Pouches of uterus Recto-uterine pouch or Douglas- pouch: Deepest point of female abdominal cavity. (fluid accumulation) Vesico-uterine pouch: No clinical relevances.
Uterus - wall Endometrium: 2. Myometrium: 3. Perimetrium: simple columnar epithelium, glands, blood vessels, connective tissue. Layers: functional: stratum compactum stratum spongyosum basal 2. Myometrium: smooth muscle 3. Perimetrium: peritoneum
Menstrual cycle Menstrual phase: loss of functional layer of endometrium. 2. Proliferative phase: development of functional layer of endometrium (glands, blood vessels) Secretory phase: preparation for the implantation of an embryo. If fertilization does not occur the menstrual flow begins.
Menstrual phase (Coiled arteries constrict – deprivation of endometrium from blood supply – discharge outer endometrium lining. Content of flow: blood, epithelium, connective tissue. Volume: 35-45ml. )
Vagina Receives secretion from uterus and penis during copulation. Pathway for fetus. Lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
External genitalia 1. Clitoris: 2 erectile bodies 2. Labia majora: folds of skin 3. Labia minora: folds of skin. No hair.
Pathology Cervix cancer
Male reproductive organs Internal components: Gonad – testis Duct – system: epididymis, deferent duct, ejaculatory duct Additional glands: seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland External component: Penis
Testis Location: in a skin pouch- scrotum. Forms sperm. Produces testosterone. Connective tissue capsule. Connective tissue septa – lobules. Lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubules.
Testis - histology Germinal epithelium – changing characteristic – sperm. Sertoli cell: Supporting function, maintains hormone level, blood-testis-barrier. Leydig cell: Produces testosterone.
Epididymis Stores sperm. Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Deferent duct 45 cm long. Contracts during ejaculation.
Spermatic cord Contents: Deferent duct Deferential vessels Testicular artery Pampiniform plexus Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Cremasteric muscle Cremasteric vessels Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Seminal vesicle 60% of semen. Fructose secretion.
Prostate gland 15-30% of semen. Acids secretion – activates sperm.
Bulbourethral glands Location: urogenital diaphragm. Secrete viscous fluid – lubrication of the urethra.
Penis
Penis 2 corpora cavernosa – blood sinuses 1 corpus spongiosum - urethra
Steps of erection Sexual stimulus Relaxation of the smooth muscle in cavernous space and arterioles Blood inflow (50ml) to the cavernous space Occlusion of the venous drainage Intracavernous blood pressure > systemic blood pressure ERECTION
Rectovesical pouch Deepest point of male abdominal cavity. No relevances.
Thank you for your attention! References: Gray’s Anatomy for Students Elsevier, Kierszenbaum: Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology 2e LWW: Langman’s Medical Embryology WebPathology.com