Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA MULTIPLE EMULSION By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam Associate Professor Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA CONTENT Definitio of Emulsion. What is multiple emulsion? What is emulsifing agent? Mechanism of drug release. Equipments used in emulsion preparation. Application What is Microemulsion? Characteristics of microemulsion. Advantage , Disadvantage & Application of microemulsion. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA EMULSION DEFINATION:”emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable mixture of two immiscible liquids.” TYPES: Micro(transperent) O/W W/0 O/W/O W/O/W Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA =water phase =oil phase

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA Multiple emulsion are complex system which consist of both w/o and o/w at the same time. There are potential matrices for the encapsulation of biactive compounds and for the controlled release compounds Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA By Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA MULTIPLE EMULSION HYDROPHILIC SURFACTANT Multiple emulsion w/o/w contain two emulsifiers: 1 Low HLB surfactant (Hydrophobic in nature) 2 High HLB surfactant (Hydrophilic in nature) Low HLB surfactant use in disperse phase High HLB surfactant use in continous phase. HYDROPHOBIC SURFACTANT W/O/W SYSTEM =water phase =oil phase O/W/O SYSTEM Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA surfactants Anionic Sodium oleate Pottasium oleate Glyceryl monostearate Non ionic span 80 span20 Tween 20 Tween 60 Tween 80 cationic Benzalkonium chloride Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA METHOD OF PREPARATION Two step emulsification. Phase inversion technique. Microcapillary devices Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA EQUIPMENTS MECHANICAL STIRRES Impellers mounted on a shaft. Paddles or blade is used. Degree of agitation is controlled by speed but liquid flow pattern is by type of impellers. To electric motor shaft Impeller/blade Mechanical stirrer Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA inlet Vibrating blade outlet ULTRASONIFIERS Use ultrasonic enegry for emulsification. Nozzle jet ultrasonifiers Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA HOMOGENIZR Forcing liquid mixture through small orifice at very high pressure. (500 to 5000psi) Yiled emulsion of very low particle size(1nm). outlet spring Small orifice inlet homogenizer Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA APPLICATION In theory, multiple emulsions have significant potential for breakthrough applications in food, agricultural, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries in which they can facilitate the sustained release and transport of active material. In cosmetics, these systems can prevent degradation of an active ingredient and release it at a controlled rate. They can also improve dissolutions or solubilization of insoluble materials. Due to these properties, multiple emulsions find applications related to protecting sensitive and active molecules such as vitamins C and E from the external phase—a process called antioxidation. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA Characterization 1.Microscopic examination – color ,consistancy ,Homogenicity. 2. Macroscopic examination – Average globule size & size distribution coarse multiple emulsion > 3micron fine multiple emulsion 1-3 micron micro multiple emulsion <1 micron Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA Average globule size & size distribution: Area of interfaces: Equation:- S=6/d Number of globules: No. of globules x dilution x4000 No. of small squares counted Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA 3.Zeta potential – smouchowski equation ζ = 4πηµ X 103 εE where, ζ = zeta potential η = viscosity of dispersion medium. µ = migration velosity. ε = dielectric constant of dispersion medium. E = potential gradient. Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA 4. Entrapment efficiency – dialysis method c = 100 (1- n1V*/ (n0-n1)v1) n0 = initial drug concentration of drug in inner aqueous phase n1 = concentration of drug in dialysate V* = constant Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Phosphate saline buffer pH 7.4 5. Rheological analysis . e.g. viscosity 6. Drug release rate. Phosphate saline buffer pH 7.4 Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA

Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA THANK YOU Dr. Md Ismail Mouzam, Associate Prof, YBCCPA