Bay of Pigs Invasion, Berlin Crisis, and Cuban Missile Crisis What impact did the Bay of Pigs, Berlin Crisis, and Cuban Missile Crisis have on the Cold War?

The Bay of Pigs Invasion Started with Eisenhower and followed with Kennedy. Conceived by the CIA to overthrow Fidel Castro, the invasion involved Cuban exiles who had fled Castro’s rule and settled in the United States. The Bay of Pigs mission failed. The President said, however, that he would continue to resist efforts by the communists to control other countries in Western Hemisphere. Kennedy took responsibility for the mission’s failure. 3

Bay of Pigs Invasion The Failed Invasion Information was leaked early- New York Times Air strikes failed. Castro prepared for a land attack. Invaders were captured and ransomed back to United States for $52 million in food and aid. Strengthened Castro’s ties to the Soviet Union http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=515285&SearchText=Investigations+Into+The+Failure http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=316997&PageSize=50&SearchText=fidel+castro

Disagreement over Berlin led to the building of the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Crisis Disagreement over Berlin led to the building of the Berlin Wall. Kennedy refused. Khrushchev insisted the U.S. end its military presence in West Berlin. Khrushchev ordered the building of the Berlin Wall separating East and West Berlin. 5

He also sent 1,500 more U.S. soldiers to West Berlin. In response to Khrushchev’s actions, Kennedy requested a large increase in military spending. He also sent 1,500 more U.S. soldiers to West Berlin. The Berlin Wall became a symbol of the gulf between the democratic West the communist East and the communist East

Cuban Missile Crisis In 1962, American intelligence agencies photographed Soviet nuclear missile installations in Cuba. Missile launch site photo, HSUS: p. 957.

The missiles at these Cuban sites threatened major cities in the United States. Missile range map, HSUS: p. 957.

The Cuban Missile Crisis Kennedy assembled a group of advisors, known as the ExComm, to help him plan a response. ExComm military members favored an air strike, perhaps followed by a land invasion of Cuba. Others argued for a naval blockade. Kennedy agreed with this plan. The world watched as Soviet ships carrying missile parts approached the naval blockade. They turned back. Managing the Crisis Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missiles if the United States pledged to never invade Cuba. Both Kennedy and Khrushchev took steps to ease tensions between their countries. They set up a hotline to allow direct communication during times of crisis. The Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed, ending atmospheric and underwater testing of nuclear weapons. Effects of the Crisis

To resolve the Cuban missile crisis, Kennedy worked In Public Behind the Scenes In a television address, Kennedy blamed Khrushchev for reckless action that threatened world peace. Kennedy initiated a U.S. naval blockade of Cuba. Kennedy told the Soviets that the United States would remove U.S. missiles from Turkey and Italy if the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba. 12

After six tense days, the Soviets backed off. Nikita Khrushchev agreed to honor the blockade and removed the missiles. The crisis prompted the two leaders to establish a period of détente. They set up a hot line between Washington, D.C. and Moscow to improve communication.