American Literary Periods

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American Literary Periods Timeline of American Development

PURITAN/COLONIAL 1650-1750 Style: Major Themes: Sermons, diaries, personal narratives, travel logs Written in speaking style of the age (thine, thou, thee). Major Themes: A person’s fate is determined by God. All people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ. Led to extremely hyperbolic events such as the Salem Witch Trials (1692) Important Authors: Anne Bradstreet (poet) John Edwards, Cotton Mather (reverends) Captain John Smith

REVOLUTIONARY 1750-1800 Style: Major Themes: Important Authors: Persuasive political pamphlets, travel writing, legislation. Major Themes: The ideology of democracy Pushing forward to create a new nation. Important Authors: Patrick Henry, “Speech to the Virginia Convention” Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence and The United States Constitution Thomas Paine, “Common Sense”

ROMANTICISM 1800-1860 The middle of the industrial revolution Style: Short Stories, Slave Narratives, and Poetry Themes: Valuing feeling and intuition over reasoning, “Dark” Romanticism – a focus on the strange and horrible Important Authors: Edgar Allan Poe Washington Irving Emily Dickinson

TRANSCENDENTALISM 1840-1860 Style: Poetry, Essays, Novels, and Short Stories Themes: A devotion to nature and the self, a focus on philosophy Important Authors: Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience” Ralph Waldo Emerson “Self-Reliance

REALISM 1855-1900 Style: Novels and Short Stories Themes: Aesthetic realism – insists on detailing the world as it truly is. Disillusionment with post-Civil War America Emphasis on journalism and fact reporting. Important Authors: Mark Twain Kate Chopin Upton Sinclair

MODERNISM 1900-1950 Style: Novels, Dramas, and Poetry Major Themes: Pursuit of the American Dream, Focus on the rise of the youth culture, Criticism of American morals. Important Authors: F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman

HARLEM RENAISSANCE 1920-1950 Style: Poetry, Essays Themes: Allusions to African-American spirituals, Uses structure of blues songs in poetry Important Authors: Claude McKay Jean Toomer Langston Hughes Zora Neale Hurston

POSTMODERNISM 1950 to present Style: Novels, Poetry, Dramas, Metafiction Themes: Criticizes the uses of technology and the media, focuses on the changes in America following WWII Important Authors: Kurt Vonnegut JD Salinger Truman Capote