Revision

Language and Law What is LSP? Why does legal language differ from other LSPs? Which are main characteristics of Legal English? Which are sources of Legal English?

Vocabulary revision English for Legal Purposes Act of Settlement Legal proceedings Statutes

Translation Legal language is not used only for internal professional communication.  Its use is very widespread: law governs all areas of social life and affects the life of all citizens. Therefore, plain language movements have emerged in an effort to make legal language easier to understand for ordinary citizens.

About Law What is law? What is the purpose of law? Law and morality

Vocabulary revision To enforce law Breach of law To resolve disputes To enter into contract Bill of rights

Translation The law facilitates, often even encourages, certain social and economic arrangements. It provides the rules to enable parties to enter into the contract of marriage, employment, or purchase and sale. Company law, inheritance law, property law all furnish the means by which we are able to pursue the activities that constitute social life.

Branches of Law What is national and what is international law? What is the difference between public and private law? Who takes action in criminal law, and who takes action in civil law?

Vocabulary revision Substantive law Procedural law Administrative law Law of property Law of succession To sue the defendant To plead guilty

Translation The judge rules on points of law and passes a sentence on the defendant, e.g. a fine or a term of imprisonment. If the judge and the jury find the case is not proven, they acquit the defendant.

The Historical Development of Law What was the earliest source of law before the advent of writing? Which was one of the earliest written codes? What was the earliest codification of Roman law? Which codification had the greatest impact on European legal systems?

Vocabulary revision Customary law Canon law Common law To dispense with law Redress of grievances

Translation Common law originally meant the common law of England as opposed to local customary laws. England acquired a common law at an early date because it had a strong centralized monarchy before most other parts of Europe. In the 12th century, under Henry II (1154-1189 AD) the royal courts extended their jurisdiction at the expense of local and feudal courts.

Legal Systems of the World Which five factors create a legal system, according to Hart? How can legal systems be classified? Which are main sources of law? What are common law systems based on?

Vocabulary revision To compensate for injury To repeal a rule Case law Binding decision Civil law system

Translation The civil and common law systems have thus come closer together, but they still bear the mark of their origins. Civil law is the creation of two elites: a Roman elite of jurists and a European elite of university-trained lawyers. The common law is the creation of an English elite of judges

State Governance and Administration of Justice Which are three branches of government? Which names may a legislature bear? What is the main task of the executive? Which branch enforces the law? Explain the system of checks and balances!

Vocabulary revision To enact law To design and implement policies Adjudication To cast a vote of no confidence To abrogate provisions of law

Translation The judicial branch of government administers justice within a number of systems, depending on the type of dispute. The principal line is drawn between the civil and criminal law, which is enforced through a system of civil and criminal courts respectively. While in criminal law the prosecutor (the state) seeks to punish a criminal offender, civil justice deals with resolving conflicts or disputes between natural and legal persons concerning their private interests. Such proceedings are initiated by the claimant and generally do not involve a public interest.

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