4B.9 Changes to diverse places can lead to tension and conflict

Objectives To understand how different stakeholder groups can lead to changes in land use To understand how changes to land use can create challenges and opportunities for local people To be able to explain how tensions can arise from diversity of living spaces

Quiz What is internal migration? 2. What is the pattern of movement called where more people move towards London/the South Coast? 3. The highest rate of internal migration in the UK is from where to where? 4. Name 5 former British Colonies. 5. Name 1 of the 2 reasons people have migrated to Britain in the last 100 years? 6. The highest number of migrants to the UK comes from which country? 7. Give 1 example of people who live in an isolated area? 9. London Docklands redevelopment began in? 10. What is the initials for the quango (group) who redeveloped the Docklands?

Quiz 1. What is internal migration? Movement within a country 2. What is the pattern of movement called where more people move towards London/the South Coast? Southern Shift 3. The highest rate of internal migration in the UK is from where to where? Leaving London 4. Name 5 former British Colonies. 5. Name 1 of the 2 reasons people have migrated to Britain in the last 100 years? Globalisation, Post-colonisation 6. The highest number of migrants to the UK comes from which country? India 7. Give 1 example of people who live in an isolated area? Russia, Post-colony migrants 9. London Docklands redevelopment began in? 1981 10. What is the initials for the quango (group) who redeveloped the Docklands? LDDC (London Docklands Development Corporation).

Before and after Find a series of before and after images where redevelopment has taken. What developments have taken place? What impact could this have on local communities?

How would these changes have an impact on the local community? Positive Negative

Bristol

London Olympics site

Rotherhithe, Docklands

Princesshay, Exeter

Bradford

Salford, Manchester

How would these changes have an impact on the local community? Positive Negative

Glasgow regeneration Identify the stakeholders involved – local residents – long term residents and new in-migrants, council, private developers Groups of students given the roles of different stakeholders Research their opinion about the redevelopment DEBATE: The redevelopment of Glasgow has created more opportunities than challenges for local people Read links below to gain information on oral accounts of regeneration Opinions on whether regeneration has been a good thing? Regeneration of Oatlands, south-central Glasgow, loss of community New properties in regenerated Oatlands, Glasgow

Tensions due to changes in diversity of living spaces Homework – investigate an example where tensions between long term residents and new in-migrants may exist e.g. Luton, London Docklands, London East end – Olympics site Any other examples of case studies/examples / resources where tensions occur due to changes that have happened?? London Docklands Regeneration – positives and negatives

Task Using the Work Foundation and Joseph Rowntree Foundation (range of reports and information available on cities, growth and poverty) investigate controversial planning decisions that treat migrants in hostile ways, and consider how this likely to make them feel

How would changes like these affect an area?

Changing areas over time A – Evaluate the effectiveness of redevelopment projects B – To explain the effects of redevelopment in an area C – To describe why an area needs to be redeveloped

How would changes like these affect an area? Changes to an area over time can cause conflict for a number of reasons. Southall is an area of London that has had tensions between ethnic groups and long term issues in the area.

Southall vs Luton Research In pairs you are going to find out about Southall and Luton and how it has changed over time. On the sugar paper provided you are going to create a resource. At the end of the lesson you will then need to present it back to your partner. 1 – What was your area like in the 1960, 70, 80 and 90’s? How does this compare to now? 2 – What is being done to redevelop your area and how has this changed the area? 3 – What cultural conflicts exist in your area? 4 – Do you think your area has been successfully redeveloped and managed? Luton: http://www.politico.eu/article/immigrants-who-voted-for-brexit-luton-migration/

Factors affecting social exclusion Internal Factors Providing mutual support via families, welfare and community organisations, religious centres, ethnic shops etc. Encouraging friendship and marriages within ethnic groups, or reducing contacts with the majority population that may undermine the culture of the ethnic minority Providing protection against racist abuse and attacks from members of the majority population Increasing political influence and power in the local area Allowing more opportunities to use minority language Providing a strong power base for militant groups set up to fight on behalf of the ethnic minority External Factors Migration of the majority population out of an area into which a minority population is moving Discrimination in the job market; ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed and on low incomes, forcing them into areas of cheap housing Discrimination by house sellers, estate agents, financial institutions, private landlords and state housing agencies Social hostility/ unfriendliness from majority population Racially motivated violence against ethnic minorities, or fear of such violence. There are two different categories of factors: Internal Factors Encouraging ethnic minorities to opt for segregation External Factors Action taken by the majority population to encourage ethnic segregation In order to make ethnic minorities a more integrated part of society they need to be assimilated. Assimilation is the process of understanding and becoming part of something e.g. a community. This is something we will look at in more depth at a later point

Social Exclusion What is social exclusion? How can it be measured To what extent do migrants experience a sense of social exclusion? How could you find this out? What is the impact of regeneration and other planned strategies on improving social exclusion? To what extent do these strategies exacerbate tensions between communities?

Social Exclusion Social exclusion is a complex and multi-dimensional process. It involves the lack or denial of resources, rights, goods and services, and the inability to participate in the normal relationships and activities, available to the majority of people in a society, whether in economic, social, cultural or political arenas. It affects both the quality of life of individuals and the equity and cohesion of society as a whole.

Bristol Social Exclusion Matrix Resources – material/economic Material/economic Access to public and private services Social resources Participation Economic participation Social participation Culture, education and skills Political and civic participation Quality of life Health and well-being Living environment Crime, harm and criminalisation

Question Assess the ways in which changes to diverse places can lead to tension and conflict (12 marks)

Key terms Globalisation Economic development Gentrification Regeneration Exclusion Social Exclusion Migration Culture Inequality Social housing Affordable housing Yuppie