Measuring Quantities How many donuts will we get if we ask for a dozen? Twelve How about a baker’s dozen? Thirteen So, we know “dozen” and “baker’s dozen”

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Presentation transcript:

Measuring Quantities How many donuts will we get if we ask for a dozen? Twelve How about a baker’s dozen? Thirteen So, we know “dozen” and “baker’s dozen” are both words that represent numbers

Measuring Quantities How many donuts will we get if we ask for a mole? 6.02 x 1023 Or, 602 with 21 zeros after it! Since atoms are SO small we must count them in moles

The Mole A.K.A. the Avogadro Constant, named in honor of Amadeo Avogadro SI unit for amount of a substance Abbreviation is mol It is simply a WORD that represents a NUMBER

Converting Units 6.02 x 1023 particles = 1 mol Equality that can be used as a conversion factor Particles include atoms, molecules, etc. Ex: How many atoms are in 5.0 moles of tin (Sn)? 5.0 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑛 1 × 6.02× 10 23 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 𝑆𝑛 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑛 =3.0× 10 24 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 𝑆𝑛

4.52× 10 22 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐 𝐶 𝑂 2 1 × 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 𝑂 2 6.02× 10 23 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐 𝐶 𝑂 2 Converting Units Ex: How many moles are in a sample of CO2 containing 4.52 x 1022 molecules? 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶 𝑂 2 =6.02× 10 23 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝑂 2 4.52× 10 22 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐 𝐶 𝑂 2 1 × 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 𝑂 2 6.02× 10 23 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐 𝐶 𝑂 2 = 4.52× 10 22 6.02× 10 23 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 𝑂 2 =0.0751 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 𝑂 2

Molar Mass 1 mole of NaCl formula units = 58.44 grams 1 mole of copper atoms = 63.55 grams 1 mole of lead atoms = 207.2 grams Same number as formula mass Measured in g/mol Since molar masses are equalities, they can be used as conversion factors

Example Problem How many moles are in 78.54 g of KCl? 1 mole of KCl = (39.10 + 35.45) g 1 mole of KCl = 74.55 g 78.54 𝑔 𝐾𝐶𝑙 1 × 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾𝐶𝑙 74.55 𝑔 𝐾𝐶𝑙 = 78.54 74.55 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾𝐶𝑙 =1.053 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾𝐶𝑙

Two-Step Problems A 12.0-gram sample of iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3, contains how many formula units? 6.02 x 1023 formula units = 1 mole 1 mole of Fe2O3 = 159.70 g (formula/molar mass) 12.0 𝑔 𝐹𝑒 2 𝑂 3 1 × 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒 2 𝑂 3 159.70 𝑔 𝐹𝑒 2 𝑂 3 × 6.02× 10 23 𝑓𝑢𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒 2 𝑂 3 = (12.0)(6.02× 10 23 ) 159.70 𝑓𝑢𝑠=4.52× 10 22 𝑓𝑢𝑠

Summary Use Avogadro’s number to convert between moles and particles 1 mol = 6.02 x 1023 particles for every substance Use molar mass to convert between moles and grams 1 mol = ___ grams Grams depends on substance