H.B.2A.1 Construct explanations of how the structures of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA) are related.

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H.B.2A.1 Construct explanations of how the structures of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA) are related to their functions in organisms. Nucleic Acids

What are Nucleic Acids? A nucleic acid is an organic compound, such as DNA or RNA, that is built of small units called nucleotides Many nucleotides bind together to form a chain called a polynucleotide The nucleic acid DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) consists of two polynucleotide chains The nucleic acid RNA (ribonucleic acid) consists of just one polynucleotide chain.

DNA: Chemical Structure of Nucleic Acids

Structure of a Nucleic Acids Nucleotides: Small molecule containing a sugar, phosphate group, and base that is a building block (monomer) of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide consists of three smaller molecules: sugar phosphate group nitrogen base

Nucleotides The sugar of one nucleotide binds to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. These two molecules alternate to form the backbone of the nucleotide chain. This backbone is known as the sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogen bases in a nucleic acid stick out from the backbone

Nitrogen Bases in a Nucleotide There are four different types of bases: cytosine (C), adenine (A), guanine (G), and thymine (T) in DNA cytosine (C), adenine (A), guanine (G), and uracil (U) in RNA In DNA, bonds form between bases on the two nucleotide chains and hold the chains together. Each type of base binds with just one other type of base: cytosine always binds with guanine, and adenine always binds with thymine. These pairs of bases are called complementary base pairs.

Double Helix The binding of complementary bases allows DNA molecules to take their well-known shape, called a double helix A double helix is like a spiral staircase.

The Structure of DNA!

Roles of Nucleic Acids DNA is also known as the hereditary material or genetic information DNA and RNA have different functions relating to the genetic code and proteins. Like a set of blueprints, DNA contains the genetic instructions for the correct sequence of amino acids in proteins. RNA uses the information in DNA to assemble the correct amino acids and help make the protein. The information in DNA is also passed from parents to offspring when organisms reproduce. This is how inherited characteristics are passed from one generation to the next.