Starter How many examples of Nazi propaganda methods can you remember? Which was most significant and why?

How successful were Nazi propaganda policies? Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

The use of propaganda to control Germany Use of propaganda by the Nazis: Newspapers: printed only stories that were favourable to the Nazis. Newspapers that did not support the Nazis were closed down – by 1934, over 1500 were closed. Radio: sent Nazi messages to mass audiences. Goebbels took control of all the local radio stations. Cheap radio sets called ‘People’s Receivers’ were produced so that every German could afford a radio. They were made so that they couldn’t pick up foreign signals. The only view of the world people received was the Nazi one. Loudspeaker pillars were put up in public places so that people could hear the radio everywhere. Cinema: films reflected Nazi principles. The German film industry produced over 100 films a year. Special films for the young were made, carrying Nazi ideas. Also used the 1936 Olympic Games to demonstrate the superiority of the Aryan face. But when the black American athlete Jesse Owens won 4 gold medals, the celebrations were dampened. Rallies: most famous is the Nuremberg rally in August, held for a week – there were army parades, gymnastic displays, bands, choirs, firework displays, speeches by Hitler. ‘love for the Führer’ reached an extreme point in the mid-1930s where Hitler was mobbed by screaming girls! Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

Propaganda Nazis increased their support through propaganda. Josef Goebbels was in charge of propaganda. Mass rallies. Displaying posters and banners wherever possible. 1930 the Nazis owned 120 newspapers. Nazi message constantly spread through the radio. Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

Propaganda and censorship March 1934 Josef Goebbels set up Ministry for Enlightenment and Propaganda to control the hearts and minds of the German people. Newspapers: non Nazi newspapers shut down. German people only read what the Nazis wanted them to know. Editors who didn’t obey were sent to concentration camps. Radio: cheap mass produced radios sold which could only get German channels. Radio sets were put in cafes and factories and loudspeakers were set up on the street so that everyone could hear regular broadcasts by Goebbels and Hitler. Film: Goebbels commissioned films with Nazi slants. All films had a 45 minutes newsreel before hand which showed Nazi achievements. Rallies: mass rallies were held regularly to show the power of the Nazis e.g. the Nuremburg rally was held every year and thousands would attend. Posters: cleverly put across the Nazi message. Books: controlled heavily. Goebbels encouraged students to burn 20,000 books in Berlins wrote by Jews and any Nazis in May 1933. It was illegal to tell an anti Nazi joke. Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

Propaganda and censorship Goebbels set up the Reich Chamber of Culture and all Musicians, Actors, and writers had to be a member. Any that were unsuitable were banned Music: Jazz music banned (associated with black people) Theatre: cheap theatre tickets made available to see plays with a pro Nazi slant Architecture: Hitler liked traditional buildings and grand styles often copies from Ancient Rome and Greece Art: Hitler hated modern art. He wanted art to shoe hard work as heroic, perfect Aryans, women in their preferred role as mothers and wives Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

Evaluation technique Give examples of Nazi propaganda. Explain what do you think was the most effective form of propaganda. Why was effective propaganda important? Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

Examination technique Why was the radio important? (4) Why was Josef Gobbels important (4) How important was rallies, amongst other factors, in ensuring the people were listening to Nazi ideology? (12) Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies

Source work How useful are sources A, B and C in understanding the reasons why propaganda was so important to the Nazis? Use the sources and your own knowledge (8) Source: A Nazi rally "The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it." Source B: Goebbels "Propaganda is not an end in itself, but a means to an end. If the means achieves the end then the means is good.........the new Ministry has no other aim than to unite the nation behind the ideal of the national revolution." Source C: Goebbels Aim: To explain (B), evaluate (A) the success of Nazi propaganda policies