The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 6 The Modernization of Japan

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 6 The Modernization of Japan Learning Objectives Identify the problems faced by Tokugawa Japan. Explain how the United States opened Japan to the outside world. Analyze the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration. Describe how Japan began to build an empire.

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 6 The Modernization of Japan Key Terms Matthew Perry Mutsuhito Tokyo, Meiji Restoration. Diet, zaibatsu homogeneous society First Sino-Japanese War. Russo-Japanese War,

Unrest in Tokugawa Japan In 1853, United States warships arrived off the coast of Japan demanding Japan open its ports to trade. Japanese leaders debated how to respond. Some resisted giving up their longstanding policy of seclusion. Others felt that the wiser course was to learn from the foreigners.

Unrest in Tokugawa Japan The Tokugawa Shoguns Tokugawa had control in Edo while emperor lived in Kyoto 1637- closed Japan to Westerners Banned Japanese from traveling overseas 250 years of isolation Hardships Grow All classes suffer under system Many wanted reform while others wanted to maintain traditional way of life

Unrest in Tokugawa Japan Before contact with the West, samurai held privileged positions in Japanese society.

The Opening of Japan While the shogun faced troubles at home, disturbing news reached him from abroad. With alarm, he heard of how the British had defeated China in the Opium War and how imperialists had forced China to sign unequal treaties. Japanese officials realized it would not be long before Western powers sought trading rights in Japan.

The Opening of Japan External Pressure Leads to Internal Revolt Heard news of China Mathew Perry of US sails into Edo bay Negotiated a treaty with Japan- Open 3 ports Won trading rights and extraterritoriality Daimyo and Samurai led revolt Restored Mutsuhito to power Moved capital to Edo and renamed Tokyo The Meiji Restoration Tried to Westernize as quickly as possilbe

The Opening of Japan In this Japanese woodblock print, Japanese boats go out to meet one of Commodore Matthew Perry's ships in Tokyo Bay.

Transformation during the Meiji Period The Meiji reformers faced an enormous task. They were committed to replacing the rigid feudal order with a completely new political and social system and to building a modern industrial economy. Change did not come easily. However, Japan adapted foreign ideas with great speed and success.

Transformation during the Meiji Period Reforming Government Get rid of Feudal society Adapted German model of govt All citizens equal Ruled by autocrat Diet- Western style bureaucracy Rapid Industrialization Zaibatsu- Social Changes Society more open Women gain education but still restricted An Amazing Success Homogeneous society- By late 1890’s, could compete with Western powers

Transformation during the Meiji Period This woodblock print shows the announcement of the new Meiji constitution in 1889, which created a European-style government in Japan. Analyze Images What other European influences do you see in the print?

Transformation during the Meiji Period Analyze Charts Meiji reformers worked to industrialize Japan. How does the chart reflect this goal?

Japan Builds an Empire As in Western industrial nations, Japan’s economic needs fed its imperialist desires. As a small island nation, Japan lacked many basic resources, including coal, that were essential for industrial growth. Spurred by nationalism and a strong ambition to equal the West, Japan sought to build an empire. With its modern army and navy, it maneuvered for power in East Asia.

Japan Builds an Empire Japan Expands Needed resources to industrialize First Sino-Japanese War- Over Korea Japan won easily Russo Japanese war- Gained land in Manchuria Korea Absorbed into Japan empire Couldn’t defend themselves Japanese Rule in Korea Unpopular Imposed harsh rule Improved infrastructure

Japan Builds an Empire A modern army helped Japan create an empire. Here, the Meiji army fights the Chinese army for control of Manchuria in 1894.

Quiz: Unrest in Tokugawa Japan By the mid-1800s, why did so many groups of people in Japan feel discontented? A. The economy changed but the social and political structure remained the same. B. The shoguns were becoming too powerful. C. The economic structure remained unchanged, but the social structure was rapidly transforming. D. The shoguns remained strong leaders, but the traditional economic structure collapsed.

Quiz: The Opening of Japan How did the government and Japanese society react when Japan was forced to accept unequal treaties? A. The samurai and daimyo rebelled and restored the shogun to power. B. The shogun began many reforms, angering the samurai and daimyo. C. The samurai and daimyo pressured the shogun to initiate reforms. D. The samurai and daimyo restored the emperor to power and worked to reform Japan.

Quiz: Transformation during the Meiji Period What changes did the Meiji Restoration bring about in Japan? A. strong nationalism and a return to traditional values and social structure B. rapid industrialization, modernization, and changes in government and society C. government ownership and control over all business and production D. moderate reforms that slowly transformed industry, government, and society

Quiz: Japan Builds an Empire Why did industrialization help start Japan on an imperialist course? A. Japan needed access to natural resources, enabling Japan to build an empire. B. Japan needed more workers and funding for rapid industrialization. C. Powerful zaibatsus gained foreign technology through imperialist conquests. D. The Japanese military encouraged continued foreign expansion.