Kingdom Protista IN 253, 255

What is a Protist? An organism that is not a: Plant Animal Fungus Prokaryote They are eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, animal or fungi kingdoms.

3 Types of Protists 1. Animal-Like Protists A. Called Protozoans B. Unicellular heterotrophs C. Grouped by how they move: Flagella Cilia Extensions of their cytoplasm No movement at all

2. Plant-Like Protists Algae Description: Uni & Multicellular autotrophs No roots, stems, or leaves Key characteristic used to classify algae are the photosynthetic pigments they contain

3. Fungus-Like Protists A. Decomposers that absorb their nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter B. Unlike true fungi, fungus-like protists lack true cell walls

Amoeba A. Move with Pseudopods = false feet Cell shape changes constantly B. Engulf food with pseudopods forming food vacuoles C. Contractile vacuole pumps out excess water

Euglena A. Also known as = flagellates B. Have one or more flagella which move back & forth C. Absorb food through their cell membranes

Sporozoans Cannot move Most produce spores as their reproductive cells Have complex life cycles including hosts

Paramecium Move by beating cilia

Ex: Plasmodium- carries Malaria Reproduce in mosquitos Spores migrate to salivary glands Spores are injected while feeding Reproduce again inside host Spores are released into the blood Spores rupture releasing toxins

Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body Section 20-2 Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body Mosquito bites human, injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites Plasmodium sporozoites Anopheles mosquito bites infected human and picks up Plasmodium cells Sporozoites infect liver cells Liver Infected liver cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells that infect red blood cells Infected red blood cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells; some can infect other red blood cells, and others can infect mosquitoes Plasmodium cells Red blood cells Go to Section:

Plant-like Protists Algae

Characteristics of Algae. Kingdom: Protista Classified by: Color Algae form the base of the aquatic food chain as: Phytoplankton Algae produces much of the Earth’s oxygen Algal blooms (masses of algae) may indicate: Increase in wastes in water Deplete water of nutrients

Human Uses of Algae 1. Major food source for life in oceans 2. Medications for: Ulcers High blood pressure Arthritis 3. Used to wrap fish, rice, & vegetables for sushi 4. Ice cream contains algin, a thickener found in brown algae 5. Chemicals from algae also used in plastic production, deodorants, paints also used to grow bacteria on in labs

Types of Algae 1. Euglena Has traits of plants: cell wall chlorophyll Has traits of animals: move with flagella respond to light with eyespot

2. Dinoflagellates Have two or more flagella Several produce toxins when they bloom Causes Red Tides: these blooms kill fish

3. Diatoms Marine autotrophs eaten by many other marine animals Glassy shells Used in abrasive cleaners Was used for toothpaste Store oils giving fish a strong “fishy” taste

4. Red Algae Marine seaweed Attach to rocks at bottom of ocean 5. Brown Algae Most are marine Commonly called kelp Grown in kelp “beds” providing shelter for fish

Contain chloroplasts which are filled with chlorophyll 6. Green Algae Contain chloroplasts which are filled with chlorophyll Undergo photosynthesis Usually found in freshwater near the surface Some have special adaptations for floating called = Air Bladders Wide variety of forms: Filaments Sheets Spherical Colonies

Fungus Like Protists

1. Grow in damp organic matter 2. Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients form dead decaying organic matter through their cells. Types * Slime Molds Helps to recycle organic matter

Water Molds Thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water & are plant parasites on land Example-mold on a dead fish