Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Classifying Reactions Do Now: Balance these chemical equations. ___ C2H4 + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O ___ Ni + ___ H2SO4 → ___ H2 + ___ Ni2(SO4)3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Classifying Reactions Do Now: Balance these chemical equations. 1 C2H4 + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 2 H2O 2. 2 Ni + 3 H2SO4 → 3 H2 + 1 Ni2(SO4)3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

5 Types of Chemical Reactions Combination Decomposition Classifying Reactions 5 Types of Chemical Reactions Combination Decomposition Single-replacement Double-replacement Combustion. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

A + B AB Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. A + B AB + Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

A + B AB 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. A + B AB 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Combination Reactions 2K + Cl2 → 2KCl S + O2 → SO2 2SO3 Fe + S → FeS Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions 2K + Cl2 → 2KCl S + O2 → SO2 2SO3 Fe + S → FeS 2Fe + 3S → Fe2S3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Combination Reactions 2K + Cl2 → 2KCl S + O2 → SO2 Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions 2K + Cl2 → 2KCl S + O2 → SO2 Fe + S → FeS 2Fe + 3S → Fe2S3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB A + B + Decomposition Reactions Classifying Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB A + B + Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB A + B 2 BaO 2Ba + O2 Decomposition Reactions Classifying Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB A + B 2 BaO 2Ba + O2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Writing Equations for Combination and Decomposition Reactions Sample Problem 11.4 Writing Equations for Combination and Decomposition Reactions Write a balanced equation for: Combination of copper and sulfur: Cu + S → (two reactions possible) Decomposition of water: H2O electricity Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

For Copper(I): 2Cu + S → Cu2S For Copper(II): Cu + S → CuS Sample Problem 11.4 For Copper(I): 2Cu + S → Cu2S For Copper(II): Cu + S → CuS b. 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g) Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A + + Single Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A + + Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A MgCl2 + 2Na Mg + 2NaCl Classifying Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A MgCl2 + 2Na Mg + 2NaCl 2HCl + F2 2HF + Cl2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Activity Series of Metals Classifying Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions Activity Series of Metals Name Symbol Lithium Li Calcium Ca Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Aluminum Al Zinc Zn Iron Fe Lead Pb Copper Cu Mercury Hg Silver Ag Decreasing reactivity The activity series of metals lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity. A reactive metal will replace any metal listed below it in the activity series. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 15

Single-Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions Halogens can replace less reactive halogens. The activity of halogens decreases as you go down Group 7A. Bromine is more active than iodine, so this rxn occurs: Br2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → 2NaBr(aq) + I2(aq) Bromine is less active than chlorine,so this rxn does not occur: Br2(aq) + NaCl(aq) → No reaction Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + CD AD + CB + + Double-Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Reactant cations exchange places to form new compounds. AB + CD AD + CB + + Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + CD AD + CB Double-Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Reactant cations exchange places to form new compounds. AB + CD AD + CB MgSO4 + K2CO3 K2SO4 + MgCO3 MgCl2 + 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + 2HCl Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Classifying Reactions Combustion Reactions A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (in the form of heat and light). CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

END OF 11.2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

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Symbols Used in Chemical Equations Interpret Data Symbols Used in Chemical Equations Symbol Explanation + Separates two reactants or two products → “Yields,” separates reactants from products Use in place of → for reversible reactions (s), (l), (g) Designates a reactant or product in the solid state, liquid state, or gaseous state; placed after the formula (aq) Designates an aqueous solution; the substance is dissolved in water; placed after the formula Indicates that heat is supplied to the reaction A formula written above or below the yields sign indicates its use as a catalyst (in this example, platinum). Δ heat Pt