Combination effects of milk feeding methods and starter crude protein concentration: Evaluation on performance and health of Holstein male calves  D. Daneshvar, M. Khorvash, E. Ghasemi, A.H. Mahdavi  Animal Feed Science and Technology  Volume 223, Pages 1-12 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.025 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Milk feeding procedure for calves fed through CON (5.5L of milk/d until 56 d and 2L/d from 56 to 60 d of age) or STEP (7L of milk/d until 35 d, 4L/d from 35 to 49 d, and 2L/d from 50 to 60 d of age) methods. Calves in both groups were weaned at 60 d of age. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017 223, 1-12DOI: (10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.025) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Least squares means (error bars indicate SEM) of starter dry matter intake related to different treatments including 20 percent CP starter with conventional (C20) and step-down (D20) milk feeding method and 24 percent CP starter with conventional (C24) and step-down (D24) milk feeding methods during whole study period. Weekly averages are shown in relation to calf age and different letters *, and ‡ indicates a significant effect of milk feeding methods, and interaction among treatments at P<0.05, respectively. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017 223, 1-12DOI: (10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.025) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Least squares means (error bars indicate SEM) of average daily gain related to different treatments including 20 percent CP starter with conventional (C20) and step-down (D20) milk feeding method and 24 percent CP starter with conventional (C24) and step-down (D24) milk feeding methods during whole study period. Weekly averages are shown in relation to calf age and different letters *, and † indicates a significant effect of milk feeding methods, starter’s CP concentration at P<0.05, respectively. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017 223, 1-12DOI: (10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.025) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions