1. Effect of rectal or intravenous tramadol on the incidence of pain-related behaviour after disbudding calves with caustic paste 
Maria Braz, Maria Carreira, Nuno Carolino, Tania Rodrigues, George Stilwell 
Applied Animal Behaviour Science 
Volume 136, Issue 1, Pages (January 2012)
DOI: /j.applanim
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Means of head shakes in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05).
Applied Animal Behaviour Science  , 20-25DOI: ( /j.applanim )
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Means of ear fkicks in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05).
Applied Animal Behaviour Science  , 20-25DOI: ( /j.applanim )
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Means of head rubs in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05).
Applied Animal Behaviour Science  , 20-25DOI: ( /j.applanim )
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Means of transitions in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05).
Applied Animal Behaviour Science  , 20-25DOI: ( /j.applanim )
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Mean pain scoring ±SE using NRS (0=no pain; 10=very severe pain) of calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05).
Applied Animal Behaviour Science  , 20-25DOI: ( /j.applanim )
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions