Arson and Fire Investigation

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Presentation transcript:

Arson and Fire Investigation Chapter 4 Arson and Fire Investigation

Chemistry of Fire Fire = rapid oxidation reaction that involves a combustible material Oxidation reaction = complete or partial loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen - 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl --- Na loses e- , so Na is oxidized

Combustion reactions – oxidation rxns that involve oxygen and produce flames - release energy in form of heat & light = exothermic rxns

Ingredients for Fire Oxygen Fuel – material that is burning - accelerant – used to start or maintain a fire Heat – temp. at which fuel reacts with oxygen (burn) = ignition temperature Chain reaction - continue to burn until all oxygen or fuel is used or removed

Accelerants Hydrocarbons – made of only H & C ex. Gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid In gas state – has weaker molecular bonding So, liquid will NOT burn, but gas vapors will Vaporization – when liquid changes to gas state

For liquid to burn, need enough heat to vaporize liquid Lowest temp for this = flash point At flash point, fire burns only with a heat source Above flash point, liquid becomes vapor & can ignite Accelerant Flash Point (oC) Ignition Temperature (oC) Gasoline -46 257 Kerosene 52-96

Pyrolysis Solid fuels – not flammable Vapors from solid fuels are flammable As wood decomposes in fire, flammable vapors are given off process of decomposition caused by heat in the absence of oxygen = pyrolysis