Pedagogy – Teaching Styles Learning Outcomes: By the end of this lecture students should be able to: Identify key teaching styles appropriate for teaching dance

What is a Teaching Style? Methods used to instruct participants – from teacher centred to learner centred Mosston and Ashworth (5th ed 2002) identified Spectrum of teaching styles Teaching centred styles – teacher is central focus & source of learning Learner centred styles – student initiates and takes responsibility for learning, teacher acts as mentor By far the most detailed analysis of teaching styles and behaviours came from work originated in the United States by Mosston (1966). His ideas on the interactions between teacher and student have been developed since his initial publication and have provided a framework for teaching physical education in different contexts all over the world. So influential was it that the work that it was described as "the most significant advance in the theory of physical education pedagogy in recent history" (Nixon & Locke, 1973, p.1227). So why is it so successful? What is it about Mosston's ideas that make them so enduring? The answer lies in the framework for teaching which he called the Spectrum of Teaching Styles.

The Spectrum of Teaching Styles From Command (Style A) to Self Teaching (Style K) Reproductive cluster: Styles A - E acquire & reproduce knowledge/skills Productive cluster: Styles F - K application, problem solving, creativity production of new information (Mosston & Ashworth 2002)

Teaching styles related to philosophies of teaching Teaching styles related to specific learning outcomes Styles depends on its effect for students in their learning Selection of style needs to be more logical Style depends on who makes the decisions

Practical exploration of Teaching styles Reproduction Cluster: Command/ Demonstration - the teacher makes all the decisions learners observe and copy. Practice - Practice time set by the teacher with guidance Reciprocal - Teacher provides guidelines for the learners to give feedback to peers. Production Cluster: Discovery – Divergent - Teacher designs a task based on present knowledge allowing learners to discover and produce a range of responses

Gough’s Teaching Styles Gough (1999)Identifies 4 different teaching styles in relation to dance and their benefits to the learner. Demonstration – increases observational skills , accuracy in movement , and increase skill level Individual Practice – ability to analyse a task, give learners the ability to work in a concentrated way , have an awareness of their strengths and areas for improvement . Problem Solving – Allows learners to experience different ways of working, A process to develop the individual through enquiry, decision making and problem solving. Collaboration – A process that encourages working with others , through sharing, listening and negotiation.

References Gibbons,E. (2007) Teaching Dance : the spectrum of styles. Bloomington Indiana: Authorhouse.  Gough, M. (1999) Knowing Dance, a Guide for Creative Teaching. London: Dance Books Mosston, M. & Ashworth, S. (2002) Teaching Physical Education. (5th ed) San Francisco, CA : B. Cummings Sanders, L. (2013) Dance Teaching and Learning: Shaping Practice. 2nd ed. London: Youth Dance England.