MATERI 8 EXTRA EMBRYONIC GERM LAYER, IMPLANTASI DAN ORGANOGENESIS MK. Ilmu Reproduksi LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB
LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB SUB POKOK BAHASAN Implantasi Pembelahan ectoderm, mesoderm dan endoderm Material Recognition of embryo Proses plasentasi dan lapisan-lapisan plasenta Perkembangan embrio selama kebuntingan Proses terbentuknya organ tubuh Peristiwa apoptosis dalam pembentukan organ tubuh LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB
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Implantation Trinil susilawati 2010
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Proses Implantasi Trinil susilawati 2010
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Development of Extraembryonic Membranes Formation of embryo Ectoderm Mesoderm Outgrowth of Hindgut Endoderm Four Placental Membranes 1. Chorion 2. Yolk Sac 3. Amnion 4. Allantois Day 16
Amnioinc Cavity Amnion Chorion Yolk Sac Expands to fill chorion Allantoic Cavity Day 18 Allantois Chorio Allantois Blood vessels formed are connected to fetus through umbilical cord
Function of Fetal Membranes and Fluids Yolk sac: Early nutrient supply for early embryo. Amnion: Protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication for parturition, reservoir for urine and wastes. Allantois: Fuses with chorion (chorio-allantoic placenta), carries blood vessels of placenta, reservoir for nutrients and wastes. Umbilical cord attaches fetus to allantois. Chorion: Attaches to uterus, absorbs nutrients from uterus, allows maternal/fetal gas exchange, produces hormones. Picks-up uterine secretions from endometrium to stimulate early embryonic development Prevents the lungs from collapsing and opens digestive tract Fills with fluid to expand the Chorio-allantois against the uterine wall
Attachment of the placenta to the uterus. (Implantation) COW SOW EWE MARE Days 30-35 12-20 18-20 50-60 Types of Implantation. A. Superficial - Chorion fuses to endometrium B. Interstitial - Embryo invades endometrium and develops in the endometrium.
Implantation Window Decrease in Muc-1 on uterine epithelial surface after progesterone receptor down-regulates allows interaction of integrins to initiate placental attachment allowing expansion of trophoblast. Trinil susilawati 2010
Placental Attachment in Sow Trinil susilawati 2010
Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy Definition: Establishment of Pregnancy Sow Mare Cow Ewe Days of Estrous Cycle Embryonic Signal Chemical message (Usually hormonal) which results in maintenance of the CL. Either through inhibiting PGF2a production from the the endometrium, preventing release from uterus or protecting CL from PGF2a effects. 12, 15-18 14-16 16-17 12-13 Estrogen Small unknown Peptide Bovine Ovine Interferon-t In pigs, problem with moldy corn - Aflotoxins are estrogenic (Ralgro) Causes pseudopregnancy & early embryonic death Treatment: get off moldy corn and give PGF2a
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Cow, Ewe Only needs to Mare Embryo must be on side with Capsule Day 15 Embryo Day 13 Picture provided by Michel Guillomot Cow, Ewe Only needs to be on side with CL. No effect of opposite horn Mare Embryo must migrate between horns from Days 12-17. Does it almost 13X/Day Pregnancy test in Ruminants: Protein B found in blood by day 25 of Cow’s gestation Endometrial cysts can cause problem Treatment : If embryo cannot migrate give progesterone until Day 150
Cotyledonary Placenta Types of Placenta Diffuse Placenta Discoid Placenta Chorionic Plate Mare Sow Cotyledonary Placenta Human Ewe Cow Also Goat & Deer
Placentome in Ruminants Cow Ewe Chorion Chorion Caruncle Caruncle Endometrium Endometrium Mare, Sow Chorion Microcotyledon Endometrium
Placental Attachment in Ruminants Carry Placental Lactogen into maternal blood Chorion Binucleate Cell Migrate and fuse with uterine epithelium Uterine Epithelium Syncytium Capillary Fusion of Binucleate cells and uterine epithelium (multinucleate) Stroma Trinil susilawati 2010
Placentomes in Ruminants Attachment of placental cotyledons to caruncle forms placentome Maternal vascularity supplies the needed nutrients for fetal development
Placental-Uterine Attachment Microcotyledon (Fetal) Umbilical Vessels Allantois Increase placental surface area Chorion Endometrial Epithelium Micro- cotyledon (Maternal) Micro- cotyledon Endometrial Glands Uterine Arteries Uterine Veins Redrawn with permission Steven, D.H.& Samuel, C.A.. 1975. J. Reprod. Fertil. 23:579 Endometrium
Fetal Nutrition (Farm Animals) Blood gas exchange at chorion - endometrium attachment. Placenta highly permeable to water and electrolytes i.e., stored in and exchange between allantoic and amniotic fluids. Placenta converts glucose to fructose. Fetal fat formed from fatty acids transferred across the placenta. Fetus makes proteins from transferred amino acids. Water soluble vitamins cross the placenta easier than fat soluble. Minerals are transferred across the placenta. Antibodies to fight disease do not cross the placenta - the newborn will get these antibodies from the first milk - Colostrum. Allows storage in allantoic fluid In Domestic Species
Placental Development in the Mare Day 25 Trinil susilawati 2010
Placental Development in the Mare Day 34 Day 40 Trinil susilawati 2010
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Terimakasih Trinil susilawati 2010