Process of conversion from inputs to outputs Production System Process of conversion from inputs to outputs Process of converting raw materials or semi-finished product into finished product that have value in the market place The step by step conversion of one form of materials into another through some processes to create or enhance the utility of the product to the user

Production System Process Input Output

Production Management Managing production operations and resources through out the production system Decision making related to production process so that the resulting goods resource is produced according to specification in the amount and schedule demanded and at minimum cost Production planning , supervision, maintenance, product development and quality control An appropriate system to produce a required number of identical plants at a given time at a competitive price Planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling of the production function carried out in such a way so that the desire good could be produced at the right time, right quantity and quality, and at optimum cost

Production Management Decision What to produce When to produce How much to produce How to produce

Production Management Objective (1) Managing people Meeting production target Ensuring quality Using resource effectively Minimum cost

Production Management Objective (2) Right quality Determined by cost of product and technical characteristics Right quantity Avoid excess or deficit volume of product Right time Right cost

Production Management Function Technology selection and management Capacity management Scheduling System maintenance

Plant Production System Input: Light Water CO2 Fertilizer Seeds Labor Land Capital Entreprener Process Output: Water Oxygen Valued product Residue

Agricultural Production Management Combination of land, water, labor and other inputs such as seeds, nutrient, pesticides and machineries in the production of food, feed, fiber and fuel in a right quantity, quality, time and cost

Agricultural Production Management Categories Soil and Crop Management Pest Management Nutrient Management Water Management

Soil and Crop Management What crops and cultivars to grow In what sequence to utilize the soils production capacity What tillage, cultivation and soil conservation

Pest Management Determine weed, insect, disease and other threats to crop growth, yield and quality What preventive actions to take against those pests

Nutrient Management Determine the additional nutrient the soil needs for crop growth Apply animal manure, compost or commercial fertilizer in forms, amount and ways that foster crop yield and quality, and farm profitability, while reducing nutrient loss to the environment

Water Management Determine the water needed for crop growth Apply water efficiently Consider water availability

Competitive Price High efficiency production system has to be established with large quantities produced diluting high investment and operating cost Expensive labor substituting technology Reduced cost for the same quantity of labor