Numfon Eaktasang ,Ph.D Thammasat University Integrated Solid Waste Management (PB389) Numfon Eaktasang ,Ph.D Thammasat University

Solid Waste Management generation Waste reduction and separation at the source Collection Transportation Separation, processing & transformation Disposal

Disposal Methods Dumping on land Burial Hog feeding Incineration Sanitary landfill Composting Biogas

Sanitary Landfill Landfills are the physical facilities used for the disposal of residual solid wastes in the surface soils of the earth. The safe and reliable long-term disposal of solid waste residue is an important component of integrated waste management. Solid waste residue are waste components that are not recycled, that remain after processing at a materials recycle facility, or that remain after the recovery of conversion products and/or energy.

Sanitary Landfill

Engineering Concerns of Landfill Controlling release of landfill gases (odor, flammable, greenhouse effect) Controlling release of leachate Prevention of breeding and harboring of disease vectors Prevention of hazardous gas release

Types of Landfill Sanitary Landfill – municipal solid waste Secure Landfill – hazardous waste

Sanitary Landfill Method Dumping and Compaction Daily cover Intermediate cover Final cover ~ 40-60 cm ~ 15 cm ~ 30 cm ~ 60 cm

Landfilling Methods 1. Area method Higher groundwater level Temporary cover materials used

Area method Final cover Solid waste cells Original ground

Landfilling Methods 2. Trench Method Lower ground level Excavated soil used of daily and final cover Higher groundwater level > 1 m

Trench Method Final cover Solid waste cells Original ground

Trench Method

Landfilling Methods 3. Canyon Method Depend on area or topographical

Canyon Method

Landfill Site Considerations Haul distance, site access Location restriction (near airports, floodplain, wetlands, faults, seismic impact zones, unstable areas) Available land area Environmental condition (soil, topographical, climate, surface water, geological, hydro-geological, local) Potential ultimate uses for completed site

Landfill System Landfill Liner Leachate Collection System Methane Gas Collection System Landfill Cover Monitor Groundwater System

Required Landfill Area Ex1: Population = 32,000 persons Generation rate = 3 kg/person/day Compacted specific weight of solid wastes in landfill = 480 kg/m3 Average depth = 3 m Estimate the required landfill area in one year

Required Landfill Area Solution: 1. Waste generation = 32,000 persons × 3 kg/person/day = 96,000 kg/day 2. Volume of waste Volume of waste = Waste generation Compacted specific weight = 96,000 kg/day 480 kg/m3 = 200 m3 /day

การคำนวณขนาดพื้นที่บ่อฝังกลบ Solution: 3. Required landfill area = Volume of waste Average depth = 200 m3 /day 3 m = 66.67 m2 /day x 365 days = 24,333 m2 /year

Wastewater Management Leachate is wastewater from organic wastes degradation Leachate Precipitation Percolation into waste Surface runoff Evapotranspiration

Composition of Leachate Parameters Landfill aged < 2 yrs Landfill aged >10 yrs BOD (mg/L) 2,000-30,000 100-200 COD (mg/L) 3,000-60,000 100-500 TSS (mg/L) 200-2,000 100-400 pH 4.5-5.5 6.6-7.5 Sulfate (mg/L) 50-1,000 20-50

Leachate Controlling System 1. Compacted soil 2. Geomembrane liner : High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 3. Granular soil or sand Leachate collection system Granular soil Geomembrane liner Compacted soil

Leachate Controlling System

Leachate treatment System On-site treatment Off-site treatment

Landfill Gases Controlling System

Energy Recovery of Landfill Gases

Advantages Not complicate Variety types of solid wastes Final disposal method Energy recovery

Disadvantages Required large area High cost for transportation Odors, vector diseases

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