Chapter 11 Special Senses—Ears PowerPoint Lecture Notes to Accompany Medical Terminology Simplified, Fifth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Regina M. Masters 1

Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ie2j7GpC4JU

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Structure Each ear has three main subdivisions. External ear Middle ear Inner ear 3

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Define Combining Forms ot/o: myring/o, tympan/o: labyrinth/o:

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Define Combining Forms ot/o: ear myring/o, tympan/o: tympanic membrane labyrinth/o: labyrinth (inner ear)

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Define Combining Forms hearing: mastoid/o: salping/o:

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Define Combining Forms hearing: acous/o, audi/o, audit/o mastoid/o: mastoid process salping/o: tubes (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory])

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Define Suffixes -acusis: -opsia: -stenosis: -tropia:

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Define Suffixes -acusis: hearing -opsia: vision -stenosis: narrowing, stricture -tropia: turning

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words discharge from the ear: /o/ specialist in the study of ear and throat (disorders): /o/laryng/o/ rupture of the eardrum: tympan/o/ 10

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words discharge from the ear: ot/o/rrhea specialist in the study of ear and throat (disorders): ot/o/laryng/o/logist rupture of the eardrum: tympan/o/rrhexis Pedagogical Note: For instructors who do not require A&P coverage, delete slides to suit your individual needs. For those who prefer to expand the slide presentation, an image bank is available at the DavisPlus instructor website. 11

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gdwJd-xcvw

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words discharge or flow of pus from the ear: / / / /rrhea without or not hearing (deafness): an/ pain in the ear: /o/ 13

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words discharge or flow of pus from the ear: otopyorrhea without or not hearing (deafness): an/acusia or an/acusis pain in the ear: ot/o/dynia 14

Audiologist: Specialist who fits people for hearing aids

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words inflammation of the ear: instrument to examine the ear(s): inflammation of the mastoid process: 16 16

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words inflammation of the ear: ot/itis instrument to examine the ear(s): ot/o/scope inflammation of the mastoid process: mastoid/itis 17 17

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words incision of the labyrinth (inner ear): hearing (loss) due to old age: instrument to measure hearing: 19 19

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words incision of the labyrinth (inner ear): labyrinth/o/tomy hearing (loss) due to old age: presby/cusis, presby/acusia instrument to measure hearing: audi/o/meter 20 20

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Otitis Media Signs and Symptoms Most common symptom is an earache. Accumulation of fluid within the structure of the middle ear. Most common among infants and young children. Chronic form of serous otitis media may develop from acute condition, or it may result from overgrowth of adenoidal tissue or chronic sinus infections. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szTd4d3iaMk 22

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Otitis Media Signs and Symptoms (continued) Suppurative otitis media is caused by introduction of pyogenic microorganisms into the middle ear. Often follow the mumps, influenza, or colds and may be induced by overly forceful nose blowing. Swimming in contaminated water may result in a middle ear infection. If pus forms in the tympanic cavity, the eardrum may rupture, thereby relieving pressure and pain. 23

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Otitis Media Treatment Antibiotics and analgesics to relieve pain. In severe cases, drainage may be accomplished by myringotomy or needle aspiration. Surgery, such as myringoplasty and tympanoplasty to repair a ruptured tympanic membrane. Pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes are inserted surgically into the tympanic membrane to equalize pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear. 24

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Hearing Loss Signs and Symptoms Temporary or permanent loss of hearing. Treatment Varies with type and cause of impairment. May include medication to treat infections and dissolve cerumen. Stapedectomy, tympanoplasty, cochlear implant, and myringotomy. Hearing aids or other effective means of aiding communication. 26

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Vocabulary Challenge Exercise conductive hearing loss: Ménière disease: otosclerosis: 27

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Vocabulary Challenge Exercise conductive hearing loss: hearing loss due to an impairment in the transmission of sound because of an obstruction of the ear canal or damage to the eardrum or ossicles Ménière disease: rare disorder of unknown etiology within the labyrinth of the inner ear that can lead to progressive loss of hearing otosclerosis: progressive deafness due to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear 28

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Vocabulary Challenge Exercise presbycusis: tinnitus: vertigo: 30

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Vocabulary Challenge Exercise presbycusis: impairment of hearing that results from the aging process tinnitus: ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears, even in a quiet environment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ju6afbjuZEs vertigo: sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of dizziness or spinning 31

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Diagnostic Procedures Tuning fork test Evaluation of sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork. Rinne evaluates bone versus air conduction of sound. Rinne test. (A) Bone conduction. (B) Air conduction.

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Diagnostic Procedures Tuning fork test (continued) Webber evaluates bone conduction in both ears at same time. Indication of normal hearing is when sound is heard equally in both ears. Webber test. Vibrating tuning fork is placed on center of head or forehead.

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Diagnostic Procedures Audiometry Test that measures hearing acuity at various sound-wave frequencies. Audiometer delivers acoustic stimuli at different frequencies. Results are plotted on a graph called an audiogram. 34

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Diagnostic Procedures Otoscopy Visual examination of external auditory canal and tympanic membrane using an otoscope. Assesses ability of tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure. Lack of movement indicates increased impedance or eardrum perforation. Pedagogical Note: You may want to bring a few diagnostic instruments or laboratory set-ups for students to examine. Various images of medical instruments are available on the Web if you do not have the actual instruments. In addition, other diagnostic procedures can be included to suit individual classroom needs. 35

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words act of measuring hearing: surgical repair of the tympanic membrane (eardrum): surgical repair of the ear: 36

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words act of measuring hearing: audi/o/metry surgical repair of the tympanic membrane (eardrum): tympan/o/plasty or myring/o/plasty surgical repair of the ear: ot/o/plasty 37

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words abnormal condition of ear hardening: without hearing: discharge or flow from the ear(s): 38

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Build Medical Words abnormal condition of ear hardening: ot/o/sclerosis without hearing: an/acusis discharge or flow from the ear(s): ot/o/rrhea 39

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Medical and Surgical Procedures Ear irrigation Flushing of the external ear canal with sterile water or sterile saline. Low-pressure stream of warm water is directed toward top of ear canal to flush out impacted cerumen or foreign body. Ear irrigation. (A) Child. (B) Adult. 40

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Medical and Surgical Procedures Myringotomy Incision of tympanic membrane followed by insertion of a PE tube. Used to treat chronic otitis media. Placement of PE tube 41

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Medical and Surgical Procedures Cochlear implants All implants feature a microelectronic processor for converting sound to electrical signals. Transmission system relays signals to the implanted parts. Long, slender electrode placed in cochlea delivers the electrical stimuli directly to the auditory nerve. 42

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Joe is diagnosed with an ear infection and is scheduled for surgery. An incision will be made into the ear followed by insertion of pressure-equalizing tubes. Incision of the eardrum is charted as a . 43

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Joe is diagnosed with an ear infection and is scheduled for surgery. An incision will be made into the ear followed by insertion of pressure-equalizing tubes. Incision of the eardrum is charted as a myringotomy or tympanotomy.

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise To restore hearing loss, an electronic transmitter will be surgically implanted inside the inner ear. The hearing device produces sound by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear. This surgical procedure is known as a (cochlear, auditory, PE) implant. 45

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise To restore hearing loss, an electronic transmitter will be surgically implanted inside the inner ear. The hearing device produces sound by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear. This surgical procedure is known as a (cochlear, auditory, PE) implant.

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Daniel requires surgery to repair a ruptured tympanic membrane. Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane is called . John complains of wax buildup in his ears that is impeding his hearing. The physician explains that this is a common problem that can be resolved by a procedure performed in the office of flushing the ear with sterile water to dislodge the earwax. This procedure is called a/an (myringoplasty, ear irrigation, otoplasty). 47

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Daniel requires surgery to repair a ruptured tympanic membrane. Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane is called myringoplasty or tympanoplasty. John complains of wax buildup in his ears that is impeding his hearing. The physician explains that this is a common problem that can be resolved by a procedure performed in the office of flushing the ear with sterile water to dislodge the earwax. This procedure is called a(n) (myringoplasty, ear irrigation, otoplasty). 48

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Pharmacology Vertigo and motion sickness drugs Decrease sensitivity of inner ear to motion. Prevent nerve impulses from inner ear reaching the vomiting center of the brain. 49

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Pharmacology Wax emulsifiers Loosen and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax). Excessive wax can be washed out, vacuumed out, or removed with the use of special instruments. 50

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise To loosen and help remove impacted cerumen in 3-year-old Johnny, the physician uses a (vertigo and motion sickness drug, wax emulsifier). To combat the patient’s dizziness, the physician prescribes a (vertigo and motion sickness drug, wax emulsifier). 51

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise To loosen and help remove impacted cerumen in 3-year-old Johnny, the physician uses a (vertigo and motion sickness drug, wax emulsifier). To combat the patient’s dizziness, the physician prescribes a (vertigo and motion sickness drug, wax emulsifier). 52

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Barb informs the doctor that she is going on a cruise for a month and is concerned about motion sickness. The physician prescribes a drug to help Barb with her motion sickness that is called a (vertigo and motion sickness drug, wax emulsifier). 53

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Barb informs the doctor that she is going on a cruise for a month and is concerned about motion sickness. The physician prescribes a drug to help Barb with her motion sickness that is called a (vertigo and motion sickness drug, wax emulsifier).

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Barb asks the pharmacist to explain to her how the motion sickness drug works that she will be taking while on her cruise. 55

11 SPECIAL SENSES—EARS Clinically Related Exercise Barb asks the pharmacist to explain to her how the motion sickness drug works that she will be taking while on her cruise. She explains that the drug decreases the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion. It also prevents nerve impulses from the inner ear reaching the vomiting center of the brain.

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