THEMIS and Space Weather Major Points for Discussion: Results from all of the THEMIS science objectives will contribute to advances in space weather specification and forecasting. Onset and evolution of substorm instability Radiation belts and storm-time MeV electrons Solar wind – magnetosphere coupling Are there opportunities to utilize THEMIS in a testbed environment at SEC to aid forecasters? If yes, needs to be valuable to forecasters and SEC will need to find resources. NOAA forecasts and information on space environment conditions may be useful for THEMIS operations. NOAA observations from GOES and POES can play a key complementary role in supporting THEMIS science. Donovan Launch October 2006 Orbit periods: 1, 2, and 4 days Complementing THEMIS science with GOES and POES

GOES Space Environment Data For THEMIS Science GOES normally located at 75o and 135o west geographic longitude In addition to solar observations, in-situ Space Environment Monitor instruments include: - Magnetometer – 0.5 s sample rate - Energetic electron, proton, and alpha particle fluxes: e (3 channels): 0.6 to >4.0 MeV, p (11 channels): 0.8 to >700 MeV, a (8 channels): 4 to >3400 MeV GOES N (new series) launch ‘06, but may be in storage until ‘08; includes lower energy electron (30 keV) and proton (80 keV) bands, and more look directions Figure courtesy E. Donovan GOES locations are excellent for studying the inner- magnetosphere response to events observed by THEMIS and ground-based observatories.

Locations of Ground Stations and the GOES Field-line Intercept Good ground-based coverage will foster conjugate studies with GOES.

NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) Operating Parameters Polar orbit at 850 km altitude (90 minute orbital period) AM and PM orbits to provide complete coverage Operational Satellites NOAA14 (marginal SEM, marginal SBUV) NOAA15 (working SEM, no SBUV) NOAA16 (working SEM, working SBUV) NOAA17 (working SEM, working SBUV) Future NOAA POES Satellites NOAA-N (Feb 2005) NOAA-N’ (2008, depends on repair plan) Future (NPOESS) Collaboration with DOD and NASA Collaboration with Europeans (METOP) Replaces POES, DMSP First NPOESS launch around 2012? Collaborative Polar Satellites METOP-1 (2006) European Collaboration METOP-2 (2010) European Collaboration POES SEM: Measurements of energetic particle energy deposition in upper atmosphere and solar irradiance to provide data of practical benefit to commercial and government activities and for extensive research.

POES Space Environment Monitor 2 (SEM 2) Total Energy Detector (TED) - electrons and ions 50 eV – 20 keV; zenith and 30 deg to zenith - 4 energy bands telemetered, selected from 16, at a low duty cycle - 2 s data rate - Flux in energy band containing max flux together with energy band number - Integrated (50 eV to 20 keV) directional energy flux, electrons and ions at each of the two viewing directions Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) - electrons: 30 keV – 2.5 MeV; zenith and 90 deg to zenith; 3 energy channels - ions: 30 keV – 6.9 MeV; zenith and 90 deg to zenith; 6 energy channels - omni-directional detector, nearly one hemisphere, protons 16 MeV - >140 MeV; 4 energy channels - 2 s data rate except for two highest energy omni-directional channels

Surveying Data with Combined Magnetometer and Particle Data: An Example Substorm growth and expansion phase observed at GOES and LANL geosynchronous spacecraft. LANL SOPA Energetic Particles p: 50 – 400 keV e: 50 – 315 keV GOES 10 and 12 Magnetic Field Inclination Survey plots combining magnetometer and particle data aid in the selection and understanding of events. Figure courtesy LANL and Mike Henderson