CASE #6

NON-BURROWING MITES

Cheyletiellosis “walking dandruff” Affects dogs, cats, rabbits, humans Feed on lymph Eggs deposited on hair shafts Highly contagious among animals Direct contact and fomites

Cheyletiellosis Clinical Signs Severity of pruritis varies Dry scales along back => entire body Patchy hair loss from scratching

Cheyletiellosis Dx: Rx: collect scales with clear tape, flea comb, skin scraping and ID with microscope Rx: Weekly baths with flea control products containing pyrethrins or permethrin and/or lime sulfur dip

CASE #7 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90exkFR2iSM

Warbles (Cuterebra) Adult fly lays eggs => larvae penetrates skin of animals=>matures=> leaves animal to become an adult fly Dx: swelling of skin behind ears with opening – can see larvae

Warbles (cuterebra) Tx: open fistula and remove larvae Flush wound (betadine, Nolvasan) Oral antibiotics for skin infection Client Info: keep animals in fly-free environment

Warbles (Cuterebra) Botfly, genus cuterebra

“The light at the end of the tunnel is not an illusion. HANG IN THERE! “The light at the end of the tunnel is not an illusion. The tunnel is.”

CASE #8

Botfly ( Order Diptera)

Myiasis Many spp. of flies lay eggs on wet, warm, damaged skin => larvae are maggots Dx: visually seen under matted hair with foul odor Rx: Clip hair Flush wound, clean daily Antibiotics Keep indoors to prevent re-infection Client info Disease of neglect More common in heavy coated animals in summer Do not use dips to remove maggots

CASE #9

Dog Lice (Linognathus setosus)

Dog Lice Host specific disease of neglect Dx: lice cause intense itching Blood suckers => anemia if heavy infestation Presence of lice or nits or eggs diagnostic Rx Treat all animals in house with dip, shampoo or dust Topical insecticides used for fleas and ticks are adequate Wash bedding thoroughly Ivermectin orally (extra-label use) Client Info Humans don’t get lice from pets

Case #10

Dermatophytosis Superficial cutaneous infection 3 primary dermatophytes Microsporum canis Trichophyton mentagrophytes Microsporum gypseum Cat: 90% M. canis; Dog: all 3

Dermatophytosis Transmission Direct contact Contact with infected hair and scale through fomites Spores small and easily aerosolized Fleas Infected hairs – infective for up to 18 months Incubation period 1-3 weeks M. canis – cats Trichophyton – rodents or nests M. gypseum – geophilic (soil) More common in moist, warm environments

Dermatophytosis Clinical Signs Mimics other skin diseases Hair loss, scaling and crusting +/- pruritus Cats Mimics other skin diseases Can form ulcerated dermal nodules Dog Focal or multifocal areas of hair loss Papules, scales and crusts Central area of hyperpigmentation

Dermatophytosis Dx: Wood’s Light – UV light Quick and easy screen 50% of M. canis fluoresce, rest do not Differentiate from scale, dust, dirt Lamp must warm up for 5 minutes prior to exam.

Wood’s lamp

Dermatophytosis Tx Dx Fungal culture – definitive Color change to red in 1-3 weeks Confirm with microscopic exam Tx Usually self curing in healthy animal – may take 2-3 months, esp. in kittens 3 elements to effective treatment: Topical – reduces contamination on hair coat Systemic- reduces healing time Environmental-decreases contamination and spread

Microsporum canis

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Microsporum gypseum

Dermatophyte Test Media (DTM)

Dermatophytosis – Treatment Clip haircoat, particularly long hairs Topicals Spot treatment may predispose to subclinical infections Whole body shampoos, dips, rinses twice weekly Lime-sulfur at 8oz/gal Miconazole containing shampoos

Dermatophytosis-Treatment Systemic tx Griseofulvin GI absorption variable Adverse effects Vomiting/diarrhea, anorexia Bone marrow suppression Neurologic signs Ketoconazole Potential liver toxicity Itraconazole Less Side effects Tx till resolution of signs and 2 negative cultures

Dermatophytosis – Treatment Environment Remove or discard all bedding, brushes, fabric toys, etc Cheap vacuum to clean with, then discard Clean all surfaces; use bleach Vacuum daily Disinfect weekly Catteries – strict isolation

Dermatophytosis – Zoonosis At risk populations: children, immune suppressed adults, older adults Cats can be carriers w/o clinical signs

Ringworm (human)