Sub-nanometer displacement measurements in seismic sensors.

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Presentation transcript:

Sub-nanometer displacement measurements in seismic sensors. 2nd PACMAN workshop Debrecen, Hungary 13-15.9.2016 Peter Novotny This project is funded by the European commission under FP7 Project number 606839

Content What are seismic sensors. Seismic sensors in PACMAN. Limitations of state of the art sensors. Understanding the sensor resolution. Measurement of the sensor resolution. How to improve sensor resolution. Content

What are seismic sensors and their working principle. Instruments which measures ground motion. What are seismic sensors and their working principle. Not only earthquakes but also motion in nanometres.

Why do we need seismic sensors in PACMAN? To know how ground motion influences characterization of BPM. Why do we need seismic sensors in PACMAN? Seismic sensors Ground

Force Balanced optical Limitations of state of the art sensors for PACMAN. Seismometers Bandwidth Resolution PZT Accelerometers Bandwidth Resolution Geophones Bandwidth Resolution PACMAN requirements: Bandwidth = 0.1 ~ 200 Hz Resolution ≤ 0.1nm RMS@1Hz Magnetic fields resistance Force Balanced optical accelerometers Bandwidth Resolution !! Point out the resolution! MEMS accelerometers Bandwidth Resolution

How do we measure sensor’s resolution? Main problem is that perfect quiet place doesn’t exist! ADC How do we measure sensor’s resolution? Compare to a microphone acoustic noise which can be measured in soundproof chamber Resolution is given by sensor’s self noise Ground

How do we understand resolution. RMS or “average” motion in the bandwidth of interest. How do we understand resolution. RMS@1Hz = 0.14nm 𝑹𝑴𝑺= 𝒇 𝟏 𝒇 𝟐 𝑷𝑺𝑫 𝒇 ×𝒅𝒇 Bandwidth = 0.1 ~ 200 Hz Resolution ≤ 0.1nm RMS@1Hz

PSD resolution of different sensors.

How to improve sensor resolution? Implement high resolution sensor for displacement measurement Options: Resistive, Capacitive, LVDT, Optical encoders, Piezoelectric, Eddy current, Interferometers, … After applying following requirements: Contactless Sub-nanometer resolution Magnetic field resistance How to improve sensor resolution?

How to improve sensor resolution? All technologies implemented before but results are influenced by: Ambien environment (temperature, humidity, air refraction index, …) Mechanical design Data acquisition hardware Signal processing algorithm This makes comparison very difficult and unclear. How to improve sensor resolution?

Direct comparison = no data ambiguity Capacitive sensor Implementation of displacement sensors to same mechanical body Optical encoder Seismic mass Interferometer

Increasing sensitivity to improve resolution Implementation of multi-reflection Michelson interferometer Increasing sensitivity to improve resolution Displacement [nm] Corr. Dif vs mass locking M2 M3

Seismic sensors will be used to check how ground motion influences BPM characterization. Resolution is the main limit for state of the art sensors. What we understand under RMS@1HZ resolution and how do we measure it. Direct comparison of sub-nm displacement sensors to overcome data ambiguity. Increasing the resolution with multi-reflection Michelson interferometer. Conclusions

Thank you for your attention!

RMS of sensors noises

Self-noise measurement problem Mass locking vs. corrected difference?? Self-noise measurement problem