FIGURE 10. 1 Idealized scheme of carbon flow in a planktonic food web FIGURE 10.1 Idealized scheme of carbon flow in a planktonic food web. Source: Figure 2 in Thingstad (2000). ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10. 2 Natural community of bacterioplankton FIGURE 10.2 Natural community of bacterioplankton. Source: Colorized SEM image by R. M. Morris, courtesy of microscope. mbl.edu. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.3 Poterioochromonas is a small chrysophyte alga that photosynthesizes but also engulfs bacteria. Source: Image by Bob Andersen and D. J. Patterson, courtesy of microscope.mbl.edu. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.4 Chilodonella is a hypostome cililate with a mouth used to pick up bacteria and other particles. Here, the animal has ingested some small diatoms. Source: Image by Michele Bahr and D. J. Patterson, courtesy of microscope.mbl.edu. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.5 Bacteria and microflagllates (mean concentrations at 1 and 2m) in Limfjord, Denmark. Source: Andersen and Sorensen (1986), redrawn in Strom (2000). ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.6 Bacterial production and grazing rates throughout the ocean. Source: Summary by Strom (2000). ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.7 (a) Relationship between bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and bacterial production using 237 paired measurements of bacterial production and respiration and (b) relationship between BGE and net phytoplankton production in which BGE was calculated from bacterial production using a model based on data in (a). Source: Figure after del Giorgio and Cole (1998). Used with permission. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.8 Isotopic signatures of bacterial biomass in the York River, VA. The closed circles show bacterial biomass collected in the midsalinity reach of the estuary. The boxes represent terrigenous DOC (solid line), marsh organic matter (dashed line), and local (estuarine) phytoplankton (dotted line). The triangle encompasses all possible compositions of bacterial biomass. Symbol positions suggest bacteria are mostly supported by phytoplankton and marsh-derived material. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.9 (a) Bacterial fluxes (1018 bacterial cells per hour) in the estuary of the St. Lawrence River, Canada. The numbers in the circles indicate the internal growth (+) or removal (−) rate from predators and viruses that balances the changes from physical transport. (b) Volume-normalized net fluxes (106 cells/l/h). Source: Figure after Painchaud et al. (1996). Copyright 2000 by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Used with permission. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.10 Bacterial abundance and thymidine incorporation rates (a proxy for growth) in the York River, VA. Samples were taken from the surface and bottom at six stations along the estuary during all months. The data represent the annual means for each property (including salinity) at each station along the estuary. Source: Figure after Schultz et al. (2003). ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10. 11 (a) Keratella sp FIGURE 10.11 (a) Keratella sp., a rotifer common to estuaries that can ingest bacteria. They range in length from 90 to 150 μm. Source: Image by D. J. Patterson and Mark Farmer, courtesy of microscope.mbl.edu. (b) Nauplius larva of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis. Source: Image by D. Devreker. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.12 Changes in concentrations of edible and inedible particles in response to the arrival of zebra mussels in the Hudson River: (a) phytoplankton biomass from chlorophyll a, (b) microzooplankton biomass (tintinnids, rotifers, and copepod nauplii), and (c) suspended solids. The dashed lines show the point at which zebra mussels became abundant. Data are annual average means from Kingston, NY, during June–August. Zooplankton data are geometric means. Unusually heavy summer rains are responsible for the high suspended solids in 1996. Source: Figure after Strayer et al., 1999, copyright 1999, used with permission from the University of California Press. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~

FIGURE 10.13 Crassostrea virginica reef in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida Bay, at low tide. Source: Photo by Kathleen Hill, courtesy of Smithsonian Marine Station at Ft. Pierce. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY, Second Edition. John W. Day JR, Byron C. Crump, W. Michael Kemp, and Alejandro Yánez-Arancibia. Copyright © 2013 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved ~