Acids, Bases, & pH

What is an Acid? A substance that donates H+ ions (hydrogen ions) to form H3O+ ions (hydronium) in water PROPERTIES: Taste sour Burn skin Conduct electricty

Strong Acids .vs Weak Acids fully ionize when dissolved in water Weak Acids do not fully ionize when in water…they form an equilibrium

What is a Base? A substance that either contains hydroxide ions (OH-) or reacts with water to form OH- PROPERTIES: Taste bitter Slippery Conduct electricity

Strong Base .vs Weak Base Hydroxide dissociated completely to form ions Weak Base Does not dissociate completely

pH A measure of the hydronium ion H3O+ concentration in a solution Tells you if a solution is an acid or a base pH Ranges (0-14) ACID = 0-6 NEUTRAL = 7 BASIC = 8-14

Neutralization Reactions Reaction between hydronium ions & hydroxide ions to form water Results in neutral solutions Strong acids & bases react together to make water & salt

Testing pH - Indicators Indicators are organic substances that change color in an acid or a base.

Types of Indicators Litmus paper Phenol Red pH paper Acids – Blue turns to Red Bases – Red turns Blue Phenol Red Acids turn YELLOW Bases turn PINK pH paper Tests all 14 pH levels, each pH has a different color