Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities David B. MacFarlane P5 Review at SLAC October 6, 2005

The BABAR Collaboration USA [38/311] California Institute of Technology UC, Irvine UC, Los Angeles UC, Riverside UC, San Diego UC, Santa Barbara UC, Santa Cruz U of Cincinnati U of Colorado Colorado State Harvard U U of Iowa Iowa State U LBNL LLNL U of Louisville U of Maryland U of Massachusetts, Amherst MIT U of Mississippi Mount Holyoke College SUNY, Albany U of Notre Dame Ohio State U U of Oregon U of Pennsylvania Prairie View A&M U Princeton U SLAC U of South Carolina INFN, Perugia & Univ INFN, Roma & Univ "La Sapienza" INFN, Torino & Univ INFN, Trieste & Univ The Netherlands [1/4] NIKHEF, Amsterdam Norway [1/3] U of Bergen Russia [1/13] Budker Institute, Novosibirsk Spain [2/3] IFAE-Barcelona IFIC-Valencia United Kingdom [11/75] U of Birmingham U of Bristol Brunel U U of Edinburgh U of Liverpool Imperial College Queen Mary , U of London U of London, Royal Holloway U of Manchester Rutherford Appleton Laboratory U of Warwick The BABAR Collaboration 11 Countries 80 Institutions 623 Physicists Stanford U U of Tennessee U of Texas at Austin U of Texas at Dallas Vanderbilt U of Wisconsin Yale Canada [4/24] U of British Columbia McGill U U de Montréal U of Victoria China [1/5] Inst. of High Energy Physics, Beijing France [5/53] LAPP, Annecy LAL Orsay LPNHE des Universités Paris VI et VII Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CEA, DAPNIA, CE-Saclay Germany [5/24] Ruhr U Bochum U Dortmund Technische U Dresden U Heidelberg U Rostock Italy [12/99] INFN, Bari INFN, Ferrara Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell' INFN INFN, Genova & Univ INFN, Milano & Univ INFN, Napoli & Univ INFN, Padova & Univ INFN, Pisa & Univ & Scuola Normale Superiore Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities BABAR Collaboration Gathering at SLAC, July 2004 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

BABAR Detector e+ (3.1GeV) e- (9GeV) Collaboration founded in 1993 EMC 6580 CsI(Tl) crystals 1.5T solenoid e+ (3.1GeV) DIRC (PID) 144 quartz bars 11000 PMs Drift Chamber 40 layers e- (9GeV) Silicon Vertex Tracker 5 layers, double sided strips Instrumented Flux Return Iron / Resistive Plate Chambers or Limited Streamer Tubes (muon / neutral hadrons) Collaboration founded in 1993 Detector commissioned in 1999 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

BABAR: 50:50 international partnership SVT EMC: Germany-UK-US DCH: Canada-France-Italy-US DIRC: France-US RPCs: Italy-US LSTs: Italy-US SVT: Italy-US DCH DIRC EMC Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

BABAR Tier A computing centers RAL Fast calibration pass at SLAC Data sent via network to Padova for reconstruction & skimming Data reconstructed and returned via network to SLAC Opportunity 1 Karlsruhe Lyon Padova/Balogna SLAC Opportunity 2 Data skims are uniquely assigned to Tier A Centers Disk space for corresponding Analysis Working Group located at same Tier A Operating Common Fund: $2.8 million for CY04 Computing Budget: $4.4 million for CY04 Ongoing shared contributions from all agencies Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Prepared for higher peak luminosity Background conditions reliably extrapolated based on beam currents & luminosity EMC 6580 CsI(Tl) crystals 1.5T solenoid e+ (3.1GeV) DIRC (PID) 144 quartz bars 11000 PMs Upgrades Drift Chamber 40 layers e- (9GeV) Silicon Vertex Tracker 5 layers, double sided strips Instrumented Flux Return Iron / Resistive Plate Chambers or Limited Streamer Tubes (muon / neutral hadrons) All other systems fully capable of highest luminosities Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

DCH electronics upgrade Motivation: Remove anticipated deadtime problem due to serialization and shipping of data from DCH to readout module Upgrade in two steps: Phase 1 (summer 2004) Ship only 1/2 ADC waveform information (3216 bytes) from front ends No impact on dE/dx performance Phase 2 (Oct 2005) Larger FPGA to allow feature extraction before transmission New boards produced, tested & ready for installation Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

IFR upgrade with LSTs Bottom & top sextants installed summer 2004 Remaining sextants delayed until summer 2006 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Impact on physics performance Now: Barrel RPCs Now: Barrel LSTs Installation & schedule requirements based on 2004 experience Installation of 4 remaining sextants in 4-month down concurrent with PEP-II & LCLS work Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Integrated data sample to date New milestone at 300 fb-1 delivered 96% efficiency over the entire history of BABAR BABAR, Run 5 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

A day in the life of a B Factory Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Trickle injection implementation Bunch # Time Trickle injection: charge added to bunch at ~10 Hz Injected bunch and its neighbors disturbed for about 5ms Problem L1 inhibit for injected bunch and its nearby neighbors for 3.85ms Solution Bunch # Time BABAR Trigger & DAQ very flexible & high performance Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Improved L1 trigger capability Hardware Level 1 tracking trigger modified to add z information from DCH for background rejection Physics Substantial L1 headroom & flexibility Background Run 50636, July 31, 2004 Luminosity Deadtime L1T rate HER LER Initial conservative global decision tree Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Manpower requirements & projections GS Postdocs Adopted from HEPAP manpower survey after resolving discrepancies Less overlap with LHC experiments Addressing different physics questions Faculty/Staff Total Conclusion Reasonably good match See Marcello for international projections Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Pillars of BABAR physics program Highly constrained and redundant set of precision tests of weak interactions in the Standard Model Searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in a well understood & characterized environment Full program of flavor physics/CP violation measurements will provide a legacy of fundamental constraints on future New Physics discoveries Sensitivity to New Physics at LHC mass scales through rare decays and CP violation Discovery potential from large data sample across a whole range of beauty, charm, tau, two-photon, ISR physics Challenging measurements at the edge of sensitivity benefit enormously from operation of both PEP-II & KEK B Factories Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

BABAR & Belle physics results Journal Papers BABAR Belle <2003 32 54 2003 39 28 2004 52 35 June 2005 53 Total 176 149 Conference Contributions BABAR Belle Papers submitted to ICHEP04 72 63 Abstracts submitted to LP05 75 73 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Observation of Y(4260)J/+- in ISR LP05 232 fb-1 PRL 95, 142001 (2005) Signal 125±23 events; >8σ statistical significance Mass (4259±8) MeV; just above DSDS threshold Total width (88±23) MeV Joins growing list of not understood heavy mass states BABAR is also a tau, charm, ISR, and gg Factory Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Weak Interaction in Standard Model + phases Unitarity Triangle as a summary of Standard Model b physics CP violation Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

CP violation in B decays CPV through interference of decay amplitudes CPV through interference in mixing diagram Expected to be small Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

CP Violation in the B System CPV through interference between mixing and decay amplitudes Directly related to CKM angles for single decay amplitude Asymmetry For single amplitude Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

CPV in charmonium modes Interference of b ® c tree decay with mixing Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Measuring time-dependent CP asymmetries Proper time Dt Exclusive B meson and vertex reconstruction z Tag vertex reconstruction Flavor Tagging produces coherent B pair: Tagging performance: Q = 30.5% Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

sin2b results from charmonium modes BABAR BABAR Belle update for LP05 Update for ICHEP04 BABAR PUB-04/038 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Evolution of sin2b measurements Present CKM fit Present WA Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

3rd component: sizable Penguin diagram CPV in charmless modes 3rd component: sizable Penguin diagram Interference of suppressed b ® u tree decay with mixing Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Recent breakthrough: B  rr decays Fact 1: penguin pollution much smaller than for B  pp BABAR PUB-04/048 Moriond EW05 BABAR BABAR PUB-05/007 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Summary of constraints on a BABAR only Mirror solutions disfavored A good example of new analysis ideas emerging with data in hand Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Remarkably good progress on gamma! Effect depends on ratio of two diagrams Suppressed Interference of color-allowed and color-suppressed tree decays Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Dalitz plot analysis for gamma Idea: Increase B decay interference through D decay Dalitz plot Method first shown by Belle Another example of new analysis ideas emerging with data in hand Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

UT from sin2b & indirect constraints Overconstrained: growing set of independent measurements are consistent with CKM picture Now: looking for New Physics as correction to CKM Paradigm change! Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

UT from CP violation measurements alone New B Factory milestone: Comparable UT precision from CPV in B decays alone Overconstrained: subsets of measurements can be used to test for new physics Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Interference of suppressed b ® s Penguin decay with mixing CPV in Penguin Modes Another implication of overconstrained: redundant approaches to same CKM parameter Interference of suppressed b ® s Penguin decay with mixing Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Potential New Physics contributions SUSY contribution with new phases New physics in loops? “Internal Penguin” Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Summary after summer 2005 updates Charmonium s-Penguins Summer 05 results 2.4s between CP violation in s-penguin vs sin2b (cc) No sign of Direct CP About 0.5s loss vs Winter 2005 due to shift in charmonium average Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Evolution of SfK measurements Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

How good is the SM prediction? 2-body: Beneke, PLB 620 (2005) 143 Calculations within framework of QCD factorization 3-body: Cheng, Chua & Soni, hep-ph/0506268 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

First measurements of TDCPV in charmonium modes Factors of two matter! ICHEP00 First measurements of TDCPV in charmonium modes Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Impact of doubling data samples First measurement of Spp LP01 Observation of TDCPV in charmonium modes Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Impact of doubling data samples First attempt at g via GLW technique First look at TDCPV in penguin modes Precision TDCPV in charmonium modes ICHEP02 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Impact of doubling data samples First measurement of Vub with B recoil sample Observation of B to p0p0 Measurement of TDCPV in large number of penguin modes LP03 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Impact of doubling data samples Measurement of a in B to rr Observation of direct CPV Precision determination of Vcb from moments analysis ICHEP04 Measurement of g with Dalitz plot technique Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Impact of doubling data samples Precision determination of Vub from inclusive decays LP05 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Projections of data sample growth Double again from 2006 to 2008 ICHEP08 Integrated Luminosity [fb-1] Double from 2004 to 2006 ICHEP06 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

5s discovery region if non-SM Golden modes reach 5 sigma level Snapshot I: Summer 2008 Luminosity expectations: 2004=240 fb-1 2008=1.0 ab-1 K*g f0KS KSp0 jKS h’KS KKKS 5s discovery region if non-SM physics is 0.30 effect 2004 2008 Golden modes reach 5 sigma level Projections are statistical errors only; but systematic errors at few percent level Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities Global CKM fit: 2008 95% contours Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Present SM uncertainty Snapshot II: Fall 2010? Present SM uncertainty “1 sigma” NP in Z-Penguins NP in gluonic-Penguins SM + various New Physics NP in chromomagnetic operator Projected errors Buchalla, Hiller, Nir, Raz hep-ph/0503151 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Significant constraint on all New Physics models in LHC era UT constraints in 2008 95% contours 2008 now Assumption: no NP in trees [almost any NP model] Significant constraint on all New Physics models in LHC era Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Bounds on new physics now 2008 Introduce new physics in mixing diagram Mass scale being probed for unit coupling: L(now) ~ 5 TeV L(2008) ~ 10TeV Model independent Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Physics from future doublings Significantly improved measurements of inclusive radiative B decays Integrated Luminosity [fb-1] Determination of Vtd from B to rg Discrepancy for penguin asymmetries becomes significant on average ICHEP06 Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Physics from future doublings Measurement of g to better than 10o Precision determination of Vub from inclusive & exclusive modes ICHEP08 Evidence for B to tn Asymmetry in B to h’K reaches 5 sigma Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities Why two B Factories? To date this has been a highly successful strategy Performance at all levels has been very much enhanced by competitiveness & the ability to learn from each other Difficult measurements require independent scientific validation; the more important the result the more important the independent validation Although performing extremely well, delivered data samples are still at the edge for rare decay channels; factor of two from the combination of both experiments will be needed to gain reasonable precision in many cases Many of CKM measurements and fundamental new physics searches are unique to the B Factories; we need to pursue them to the ultimate achievable precision to capitalize on existing investments Fully expect these arguments to continue to hold in the future Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Summary: Physics reach of BABAR Goal for 2005-2006: double current data set Delay in Run 5 can be overcome by summer 2006 with extended running period, with substantial reduction in errors on CP violation asymmetries in rare decay modes Error on average of Penguin modes should reach 0.06 Goal for 2007-2008: double again to ~1 ab-1 Individual Penguin modes with errors in range 0.06-0.12 Suite of fundamental Standard Model measurements with substantially improved levels of precision Beyond 2008 might offer exciting opportunities if New Physics has been seen by B Factories & LHC Sensitivity to New Physics through rare decays, CP violation, & large data sample with a significant discovery potential Full program of flavor physics/CP violation measurements provide fundamental constraints on future New Physics discoveries Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Backup Slides

Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

+ vertex separation = time difference Recoil B + vertex separation = time difference Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Evolution of Spp measurements Gradual convergence of asymmetry measurement Interpretation difficult due to large penguin amplitudes: Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Analysis of physics performance Typically better errors for BABAR despite larger Belle dataset Normalized performance ratio In many important cases BABAR is getting the equivalent of a factor of 2 in luminosity from analysis/detector performance Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

Belle updates at LP05 New measurement for charmonium modes Evolution of Belle penguin errors Evolution of Belle central value Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

LSTs sextants are fully operational Old RPC sextants Efficiency curves from Run 5 data New LST sextants Oct 6, 2005 Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities