The New South -Henry W. Grady (1850-1889) the "Spokesman of the New South," -Served as managing editor for the Atlanta Constitution in the 1880s. A -member of the Atlanta Ring of Democratic political leaders -Grady promoted a New South program of northern investment, southern industrial growth, diversified farming, and white supremacy. -Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta is named after him.

Henry Grady statue in 1951 Henry Grady statue in 1891 Henry Grady statue in 2008

Tom Watson -Watson, one of Georgia's most promising politicians of the late nineteenth century, was elected to Congress in 1890 as a Southern Alliance Democrat. -Within a year he shocked Georgians by quitting his party, joining the Populists. -Founded a newspaper called the People's Party Paper.

Populist Party Led by Thomas E. Watson -In 1892 Georgia politics was shaken by the arrival of the Populist Party. Led by Thomas E. Watson this new party mainly appealed to white farmers, many of whom were in debt due low cotton prices in the 1880s and 1890s. The Populists also attempted to win the support of black farmers away from the Republican Party.

International Cotton Exposition -The Cotton States and International Exposition was the last of three cotton expositions held in Atlanta during the late nineteenth century. -Held in Piedmont Park, the exposition presented new technology in a variety of industries. -Showcased Atlanta as a regional business center.

Rebecca Latimer Felton -A writer and tireless campaigner for progressive reforms, especially women's rights and woman suffrage. -First woman to serve in the U.S. Senate.

1906 Atlanta Riot -Atlanta race riot that occurred September 22-24, 1906, -White mobs killed dozens of blacks, wounded scores of others, and inflicted considerable property damage. -Local newspaper reports of alleged assaults by black males on white females were the cause for the riot. a number of underlying causes lay behind the outbreak of mob violence, black disenfranchisement was one of these causes.

1906 Atlanta Race Riot (p 338) Atlanta had gained a reputation as a southern city that prospered under white and black entrepreneurship as evident by the success of Alonzo Herndon and Booker T. Washington. However, political candidates like Tom Watson and Hoke Smith used the newspaper to spread racial fears and rumors of black men attacking white women. An angry mob of racist whites killed 26 innocent black men and wounded 100s of others. Military troops had to restore order to the city. Atlanta was no longer the same.

Leo Frank Case

Leo Frank Case -Leo Frank, the superintendent of the National Pencil Company in Atlanta, was -He was convicted of the murder of factory worker Mary Phagan in 1913. -Frank was lynched by a mob in Marietta in 1915 after the Governor of Georgia changed Frank's death sentence to life imprisonment.

County Unit System System of voting used in local and state elections which gave small, rural counties more voting power, later declared unconstitutional in 1962

The County Unit System Elections were decided by a unit vote and not by a popular vote of the people. The population in each county determined how many unit votes a candidate would receive. There were 8 Urban counties that had the most population, but they only received six unit votes each. There were 30 Town counties that received four unit votes each. Finally, there were 121 Rural counties that received 2 unit votes each. This allowed small rural counties to have a lot of power in politics, however, the majority of the population of Georgia resided in Urban and Town counties. This system would later be declared unconstitutional.