Activity #12: Food and Nutrition

Vocabulary N/A

Food & Nutrition Food (chemical energy) is needed for your cells to produce ATP (cellular energy) Also supplies raw materials for your body to build and repair

Energy When food is burned, most energy is released as heat, which is measured in “calories” Energy in food molecules is released during cellular respiration and used to produce ATP to power cellular activities

Raw Materials Energy can be extracted from almost any type of food So why does it matter what foods you eat? Not all materials needed for life processes can be made b the body – we must eat ALL of the elements that the body needs! Examples of molecules made from raw food materials: enzymes, lipids in cell membranes, DNA A healthy diet provides all of the necessary raw materials your body needs

Nutrients Nutrients- molecules (matter) ingested from the environment that are needed for metabolic processes Nutrients your body needs include: water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals

Carb Use and Storage Carbs are the main source of energy for the body Simple Sugars (mono and disaccharides) Fruits, honey, sugar cane Used first for energy Complex Sugars (polysaccharides) Grains, potatoes, vegetables Broken down into simple sugars to the be used for energy In animals, excess blood sugar is converted into glycogen which is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle. Additional excess sugar can also be converted to and stored as body fat

Diet A balanced diet provides nutrients in adequate amounts and enough energy for a person to maintain a healthful weight

Molecule Breakdown for Energy If you undergo prolonged starvation, what order will you use the following organic compounds to obtain energy? Choices: glucose, ATP, proteins, fats, complex carbohydrates ___________→ ___________→ ___________ →_____________→ _______________ Why are proteins broken down for energy last? They must first be turned into sugar (takes a lot of energy). They are also necessary for structure and processes so are saved as long as possible. ATP Glucose Complex carbs Fats Proteins