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Presentation transcript:

Starter Complete the quiz and hand in.

L3 – Mass Spectrometry Learning Objectives: Recall how a TOF mass spectrometer works including the following steps: Ionisation Acceleration Ion drift Detection Interpret simple mass spectra of elements.

Using your textbook glossary define the following terms Mass spectrometry Mass spectrum Ionisation

Mass Spectrometry Spectrometers are instruments that make scientific measurements and produce spectra (read outs with a range of results). Mass spectrometers give information about the mass of substances in a sample.

Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometers (MS) TOF-MS Ionisation Acceleration Ion Drift Detection Ionisation Ion

Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometers (MS) TOF-MS Ionisation Electron Impact The sample is bombarded by high energy electrons. The sample atom or molecule loses an e- and gains a +1 charge. Ionisation Ion

Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometers (MS) TOF-MS Acceleration An electric field accelerates the ions. The electric field gives the same amount of kinetic energy to all particles. BUT: Lighter particles accelerate more and heavier particles accelerate less. Ionisation Ion

Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometers (MS) TOF-MS Ion Drift When they leave the electric field they drift at constant (but different!) speeds until they hit the detector. Ionisation Ion

Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometers (MS) TOF-MS Detection Ions will hit the detector at different times, the time for each particle is measured. When the + ions hit the detector plate, electrons move onto the + ions to form neutral atoms. The size of the current generated is also measured. Ionisation Ion

L3 – Mass Spectrometry Learning Objectives: Recall how a TOF mass spectrometer works including the following steps: Ionisation Acceleration Ion drift Detection Interpret simple mass spectra of elements.

Purpose of TOF-MS Gives accurate information about: Can be used to: Relative isotopic mass Relative isotopic abundance Can be used to: Identify elements Calculate isotopic abundance Calculate relative atomic mass, Ar Calculate relative molecular mass, Mr

Interpreting Mass Spectra: Identifying Elements MS can be used to identify elements. m/z = mass to charge ratio Since the charge is usually +1 we assume this is the mass of the particle. There is a specific pattern produced due to the different isotopes of the element. zirconium boron

Interpreting Mass Spectra: Isotopic Abundance The height of the peak relates to the abundance. A comparison of the peaks allows you to calculate isotopic abundance. A pure sample of chlorine was tested. The mass spectra shows that the abundance of chlorine-35 is 3x greater than chlorine-37. Chlorine-35 abundance = 75% Chlorine-37 abundance = 25%

Interpreting Mass Spectra: Relative Molecular Mass Mr Molecules can also be analysed by TOF- MS. The peak with the highest m/z value is the molecular ion, M+, which forms when the entire molecule forms into an ion by losing one electron. This gives you the relative molecular mass, Mr. The other peaks are formed by the fragmentation of the molecule to form smaller ions, creating a unique pattern.

L3 – Mass Spectrometry Learning Objectives: Recall how a TOF mass spectrometer works including the following steps: Ionisation Acceleration Ion drift Detection Interpret simple mass spectra of elements.

Practice Homework: Complete practice questions on pg. 20-24. Revise material from today’s lesson. Write revision notes. Complete all practice questions not finished in class. Looking ahead: Read Section 1-6 from the textbook (pg. 25-28).