6.3 Battlegrounds Shift

Native Americans Most sided with the British Viewed the Colonists as an immediate threat British protected Native land via Proclamation 1763

Natives in the War British and Natives raided American settlements Henry Hamilton- British commander who paid Natives for the scalps of settlers

The War at Sea Britain had a strong navy Had an advantage at sea Formed blockades (kept ships from coming or going from American ports) American navy too weak to operate well Privateers used (merchant ships transformed into naval vessel) – were highly effective – captured more British ships than American navy John Paul Jones Bohomme Richard- 1779- fought Serapis “I have not yet begun to fight” Jones won the battle despite odds against him

Fighting in the South American victories 1776- Moore’s Creek, NC Charles Town, SC

Early British Success British wanted to focus on Loyalist support in the South In late 1778, British General Henry Clinton sent 3500 troops from New York to take Savannah Georgia. British occupied the coastal city and controlled most of the state Took Charles Town in 1780

War in the South Later in the war, the British focused on the South (where most Loyalists were) British General Henry Clinton took Savannah (GA) in 1778 and Charles Town (SC) in 1780. 1780-British General Charles Cornwallis defeated American General Horatio Gates in Camden (SC).

War in the South British had trouble controlling South. Americans used guerilla warfare as their main fighting technique. Francis Marion the “Swamp Fox” was known for this style of fighting.

Spanish Help Although Spain was neutral in 1777, Bernardo de Galvez (Spanish governor of Louisiana) loaned the Colonists money and allowed them to use the port of New Orleans 1779, Spanish declare war on British. De Galvez raised an army to fight British. Spanish captured British forts at Baton Rouge, Pensacola (Florida), and Mobile

American Traitor- Video Benedict Arnold, an important American leader, was angry at Congress and decided to switch to the British side Arnold attempted to give up West Point to the British in 1780 Plot is discovered and Arnold fled to join a Loyalist group in the South. He eventually moved to England.

Patriot Victories in South Kings Mountain, SC (1780) Cowpens, SC (1781) Guilford Courthouse, NC (1781)-British win battle but suffer heavy losses. Cornwallis is forced to give up Carolina campaign, conducts raids in Virginia-Jefferson and Virginia Legislature nearly captured Cornwallis set up camp in Yorktown, VA

Closure Create an original tweet about one of the following: Swamp Fox Marion Native role in revolution Benedict Arnold