Fractures

Fractures Incomplete fracture Complete fracture Fracture lines does not extend through bone or disrupt the entire thickness of bone Complete fracture Fracture lines goes all the way through bone

Fractures Comminuted fractures Bone broken in several places and splinters of bone can be embedded in surrounding tissue

Fractures Compression fracture Bone collapses due to disruption of bone tissue Usually in short bone (vertebral bone)

Fractures Greenstick fracture Incomplete break that occurs almost exclusively in children

Fractures Compound: Causes disruption of skin and soft tissue Fragment of bone punctures skin Often complicated by infection

Fracture treatment Reduction of fractures Manipulation to restore correct anatomical position

Fracture treatment Open reduction Closed reduction surgical incision to expose fracture site Bone realigned and position with internal fixation (rods, plates, screws) Closed reduction Local or general anesthesia may be used Manipulate bone back into normal position

Fracture treatment Immobilization with a cast or splint Alleviates muscle spasm around fracture site

Tractions Applies to a pin inserted through distal bone fragment and pulling forces helps return overriding one fragments to normal anatomical position Used until healing takes place or Until internal fixation can be performed

Diagnostic Tests for the Skeletal System

Diagnostic Tests for bones Bone density studies Method of determining how porous bone is Bone marrow biopsy Extraction of a small amount of bone marrow for microscopic examination

Diagnostic Tests for bones Bone scan Nuclear medicine procedure Detects amount of radiant energy released from the medication Allows physician to detect fractures osteoporosis, cancer, and growths

Diagnostic Tests for joints Arthrogram Injection of dye into a specific joint followed by series of x-rays Arthroscopy Visual examination of all aspects of a joint using special instrument that contains a light and camera aspiration Removal of excessive fluid from synovial space through a needle