Types of Chemical Reactions Unit 5 Types of Chemical Reactions

Homework Write and balance equations numbers 1-13 on packet. Retest: Monday 3/16 (e-mail me!!!!)

5 Types of Reactions Combination (Synthesis) Decomposition Single replacement Double replacement Combustion

Combination (Synthesis) Two or more substances react to form a single substance. Reactants are usually two elements or two compounds. Mg + O2 → MgO Sulfur + oxygen → sulfur trioxide

Decomposition A single compound is broken down into two or more products. Calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Single Replacement Must use metal activity series Atoms of an element replace the atoms of a second element in a compound Metal replaces metal Non-metal replaces non-metal

Single Replacement Reactivity of metals can be determined from the table. Metal at top of the activity series will replace a metal ion that appears below it.

Single Replacement The higher a metal is in a series, the better it is at losing electrons. Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) → ? CuNO3 (aq)+ Ag(s)

Single Replacement Mg (s) + LiNO3(aq) → ? Mg (s) + Zn(NO3)2 (aq) → ? Aluminum metal + copper(II) sulfate → ?

Single Replacement Non-metal can replace a non-metal Applies to halogens Activity of halogens DECREASES as you go down group 7A

Single Replacement Will a single replace reaction occur? Chlorine gas bubbled through a solution of potassium bromide

Homework Write and Balance equations Problems 14-24

Double Replacement Changing Partners Positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion in the other compound and vice versa

Double Replacement Solutions of lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide combine to form ???????????

Steps 1. Write balanced equation 2. Write complete ionic equation 3. Identify spectator ions 4. Write the net ionic equation

Double Replacement MUST USE THE SOLUBILITY TABLE Silver nitrate is combined with sodium chloride

Combustion of a hydrocarbon Always add oxygen Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon always yields CO2 and H2O Incomplete combustion will also yield CO

Combustion of a hydrocarbon Write the equation for the complete combustion of octane (C8H18) 2C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g)→ 16CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g)

Homework Quiz Monday, Tue and Wed. (march 21, 22 and 23) Reactions 3

Combination Reactions (3 Types) Type 1: Group 1 A metal + non-metal will produce a salt (cation + anion) K (s) + Cl2 (g) → KCl (s)

Combination Rxn (Type 2) Non-metal Oxide + water will produce an acid SO2 (g) + H2O (l) → sulfurous acid

Combination Rxn. (Type 3) Metal oxide + water will produce a base Base: compound that contains hydroxide CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Double Replacement Rxns. (3 types) Precipitate formation Na2S (aq) + Cd(NO3)2 (aq) → CdS (s) + NaNO3 (aq)

Double Replacement Rxns. Type 2 One product is a gas – bubbles out of solution NaCN (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) → HCN (g) + Na2SO4 (aq)

Double Replacement Rxns. Type 3 Neutralization: acid + base will produce salt and water Ca(OH)2 (aq) + HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (s) + H2O (l)

Double Replacement Rxns. Type 3A Carbonate + acid → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + ionic compound with leftovers Na2(CO3) (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g) + Na2SO4 (aq)