IONS

ISOTOPES Are atoms that differ in the number of neutrons

Atomic Number is to number of protons an atom has Atomic Number is to number of protons an atom has. It can also be the number of electrons an atom has in an atom if that atom is neutral Mass Number is the sum of protons and neutrons. It is either given or it can be calculated. It is not on the periodic table The atomic mass of an element listed in the periodic table is the weighted average of the atomic masses of all isotopes present in nature

Iisotope Name Atomic # Mass # Protons Neutrons Electrons Potassium 37 Oxygen 17 Uranium 238 Boron 11

Ions Ions are charged atoms that are formed by either gaining or losing electrons Cation is a positively charged atom formed by losing 1 or more electrons (metals) Anion is a negatively charged atom formed by gaining 1 or more electrons (nonmetals) Atoms gain or lose electrons so they can have the same number electrons as the closest noble gas

MONOATOMIC CATIONS Positively charged atoms of just the 1 element Monoatomic means just 1 atom Are your metals Lose electrons

NAMING MONOATOMIC CATIONS To determine the charge you count “back” to the closest noble gas. That is the charge! To Name Name the element Add ion!

MONOATOMIC CATIONS that are not transition elements Li+ Lithium Be2+ Beryllium Na+ Sodium Mg2+ Magnesium K+ Potassium Ca2+ Calcium Rb+ Rhubidium Sr2+ Strontium Cs+ cesium Ba2+ Barium Al3+ aluminum

MONOATOMIC CATIONS THAT ARE TRANSITION ELEMENTS Name the element BUT because these have varying charges a Roman Numeral must be used to identify the charge 1+ I 2+ II 3+ III 4+ IV Etc, etc, etc

MONOATOMIC CATIONS WITH VARYING CHARGES! Cr2+ Chromium II Cu+ Copper I Cr3+ Chromium III Cu2+ Copper II Fe2+ Iron II Mn2+ Manganese II Fe3+ Iron III Mn3+ Manganese III Pb2+ Lead II Sn2+ Tin II Pb4+ Lead IV Sn4+ Tin IV Co2+ Cobalt II Co3+ Cobalt III

MONOATOMIC ANIONS Anions have negative charges Want to gain as many electrons as the closest noble gas Names change here!!! Name the element and get rid of its ending Add –IDE Add ion

MONOATOMIC ANIONS C4- Carbide N3- Nitride O2- Oxide F- Fluoride P3- Phosphide S2- Sulfide Cl- chloride Se2- selenide Br- Bromide Te2- Telluride I- Iodide

POLYATOMIC IONS Are ions of more the one atom They are typically oxyanions which are anions composed of oxygen and another element Will have an ending of –ate or –ite The anion with the smaller number of oxygen uses the root of the element plus –ite The one with the higher number uses the root plus -ate

MUST KNOW IONS PO43- Phosphate PO33- Phosphite NO3- Nitrate NO2- Nitrite MnO4- permanganate SO42- Sulfate SO32- Sulfite CO32- Carbonate C2H3O2- Acetate C2O42- oxalate

AsO43- Aresenate CN- Cyanide OH- Hydroxide NH4+ Ammonium H3O+ hydronium

Halo –Oxy Anions ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4- Chlorite Chlorate perchlorate hypochlorite Chlorite Chlorate perchlorate BrO- BrO2- BrO3- BrO4- Hypobromite Bromite Bromate Perbromate IO- IO2- IO3- IO4- Hypoiodite Iodite Iodate Periodate

ADDING HYDROGEN TO POLYATOMIC IONS Put a hydrogen in front of the ion Increase the charge by 1 each time Name it Hydrogen + ion for 1 hydrogen 2 hydrogens would be dihydrogen + ion