Fig. 4. Proliferation and differentiation of the in vitro repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) exposed neural stem and progenitor cells.

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Fig. 4. Proliferation and differentiation of the in vitro repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) exposed neural stem and progenitor cells. (A) Percent change in total number of neural stem and progenitor cells after 7 days of culture in sham, 1-Hz and 30-Hz treated conditions. Both 1-Hz and 30-Hz rTMS treatment significantly increased NS/PCs proliferation as compared to the sham condition (*P<0.05, ***P<0.001). Also, 30-Hz rTMS significantly increased NS/PCs proliferation comparing to 1-Hz rTMS application (*P<0.05). (B) Representative pictures of differentiating NS/PCs cultures that were exposed to the sham, 1-Hz and 30-Hz rTMS for 1 week. Astrocyte (green) expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal cells (red) expressed β-III tubulin. DAPI was used to stain cell nuclei. (C) Comparing percentage of β-III tubulin-immunoreactive (IR) cells in sham, 1-Hz and 30-Hz treated conditions showed that both frequencies increased neuronal differentiation of rTMS treated NS/PCs (*P<0.05). (C) Comparing percentage of GFAP-IR cells in sham, 1-Hz and 30-Hz treated conditions showed no significant differences between groups. Fig. 4. Proliferation and differentiation of the in vitro repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) exposed neural stem and progenitor cells. (A) Percent change in total number of neural stem and progenitor cells after 7 days of culture in sham, 1-Hz and 30-Hz treated conditions. Both 1-Hz and 30-Hz rTMS treatment significantly increased NS/PCs proliferation as compared to the . . . Anat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;48(2):104-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2015.48.2.104