Leadership What is it? / Who is it? Leadership is ‘the behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals’ (J.L Barrow, 1977) Give examples of this Motivation through example Diplomatic Organiser

Theories of leadership Same categories as personality Trait, situational and interactionist. Great Man Theory (Carlyle, 1841) Great men are born not made! What traits are necessary for a leader? Height, weight, physical attractiveness, self confidence, intelligence and sensitivity. Limitation: research has shown leaders are not consistently shown to be a certain type of person

Theories cont.. Situational: leaders involved in a variety of roles according to the demands of the situation. E.g. different kind of leader needed for dangerous situations with large groups instead of group in exploration activity. Interactionist: considers leader’s personal characteristics and appropriateness to situation

Development of Leader Prescribed Leader More formal situation the leader is assigned by a higher authority and imposed on the group. E.g. England cricket captain appointed by T.C.C.B Emergent Leader one who achieves status by gaining the support of the group as a result of having the skills/knowledge that the group value or need.

Task / Social Leaders Task centred leader Leader who focuses on setting goals, getting the task done; meeting the objectives; concentrate on performance and productivity. Relationship centred leader Leader focuses on developing and maintaining good interpersonal relationships. Considerate and permissive.

Styles of leadership Autocratic Leader centred Task orientated Personal authority of the leader stressed Effective with team sports/greater numbers. Effective for quick decision making Better with clear goals Better in MOST and LEAST favourable situation

Democratic Leader only makes decisions after consulting group Performer centred Approach allows performer input into decision making More likely successful in individual sports Better in moderately favourable conditions Better when no time pressure on decisions

Laissez-faire Leader leaves group to get on with it Do not interfere Makes no decisions Group determines work to be done and pace of it. Leader acts as consultant