Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services Alfons A.M. Schaafsma, Vincent A. Weeda ProRail, Department of Traffic Control

Rail Transport Growth! On existing network: Efficient capacity use (exactly right reservation, multifunctional) Local measures (RailDelft, CompRail XI) now: Approach Feedback: Continuous Improvement Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 2

Objective: Matching Schedule and Operation     Operation according to output standards? Yes No   Schedule feasible according to standards? Yes OK. 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. Apply DTM measures Apply standards pragmatically No Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 3

Monitoring: Time Windows Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 4

Meppel: Synchronisation Point   Operation according to output standards? Yes No Schedule feasible according to standards? Is gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. Apply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures Meppel: Synchronisation Point 2nd Train: Groningen .04 Hoogeveen .42 .56/.57 Zwolle Meppel South 1st Train: Leeuwarden .04 Schedule: arr .52/ dep .53 Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 5

Meppel: Adverse Effects of Margins Dwell time Meppel (sec) 1st Train blocks way Departure delay Hoogeveen (min) Running time Hoogeveen-Meppel (min) 2nd Train runs into conflict Arrival delay Meppel (min) Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 6

Dordrecht Bridge Hour pattern  Incidental capacity claim 6x/day   Operation according to output standards? Yes No Schedule feasible according to standards? Is gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. Apply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures Dordrecht Bridge Hour pattern  Incidental capacity claim 6x/day Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 7

Conflict-free Scheduling Approach Early due to margin Conflict (dotted line would be conflict-free) Standard headway Time Distance Same headway Saved travel time No margin on the route Choose sync. points (limited #) Allocate margin just before sync. point Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 8

Conflict-free Scheduling Approach Choose sync. points (limited #) Allocate margin just before sync. point Use feasible headway & cross times 4. Differentiate standards (incidental trains) Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 9

Apply DTM Measures QUANTITY bottleneck   Operation according to output standards? Yes No Schedule feasible according to standards? Is gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. Apply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures   Apply DTM Measures QUANTITY bottleneck Hourly capacity is not sufficient Example: Schiphol tunnel Platform capacity Conflicting routes QUALITY bottleneck Hourly capacity is sufficient, Customer specs. can not be met Example: Amsterdam- Utrecht Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 10

Example Quality Bottleneck Amsterdam 3000 Hdr - Nm Example Quality Bottleneck Schiphol 3500 Shl - Ehv 33 29 Utrecht 32 26 First Come First Serve Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 11

DTM: optimising the use of capacity in bottlenecks in 5 steps 2. DTM arrangements for flow optimising 1. Identification of bottlenecks 3. Effect on speed and width time window? 4. Defining of buffer after bottleneck 5. Measuring and fine tuning Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 12

Conclusion: Matching Schedule and Operation     Operation according to output standards? Yes No   Schedule feasible according to standards? Yes Is gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. No Apply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 13

“Traveling without a timetable” enabled by A Different Approach to                                                              Scheduling and Dispatching trains Capacity Allocation Capacity Growth Planning Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 14

Discussion Issues Flexible standards make fair capacity management difficult. Dense traffic requires local timetable solutions. Bottleneck approach indentifies the capacity problems in a network. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services / 15