Introduction of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery

Definition A medical and surgical specialty concerned with the anatomy, physiology and disease of the ear, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, skull base, neck, mediastinum superius and related structures.

Developping brief history & current situation 2700 B.C.，《 Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus 》 , an ancient Egyptian textbook on trauma surgery describe the tymporal trauma and its influence to audition. 400 B.C.，Hippocrates indicated that the tympanic membrane is a part of auditory organ.

Developping brief history & current situation 18-19th century，independent otology in Europe Mid-19th century, occurrence of independent sub-discipline in otorhinolaryngology In the 1950’，American Head and Neck Surgery Society –third discipline in otorhinolaryngology In the 1960’，Title changed: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Developping brief history & current situation 13th century B.C., record of ORL disease in China Cai DOU, doctor in the Song Dynasty, described the incision and drainage to treat peritonsillar abscess in his literature《Bianquexinshu》(1146) Shigong CHEN, doctor in the Ming Dynasty, described resection of nasal polyps by copper wire in his literature 《 Orthodox Manual of External Medicine 》 (1617) Chinese department of otorhinolaryngology was set up in 1911.

Category and feature Extensive category: Anatomy and development, physiology and pathology, treatment and prevention in audition, equilibrium, olfaction, phonation and speech, respiration and deglutation, skull base, neck and mediastinum superius. Complicated anatomy: up to brain, down to trachea and esophagus, between the orbits, with important neuro-vessels nearby the throat. Feature: anatomical and functional relationship inter-organs and inter-systems

Progression and future Otoacoustic emissions and hair cels motility Generalization of Cochlear implantation Molecular biology of hearing loss Ostiomeatal complex Allergic rhinitis and nasal hyper-reactive disease Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Functional laryngeal surgery Skull base and lateral skull base surgery Vocal and speech pathology

Progression and future Gene diagnosis and treatment of hearing Gene diagnosis and treatment of head and neck neoplasms Computed intraoperative navigation in oto-rhinolocal and skull base surgery New total invisible hearing implant

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