VII. Phylum of Invertebrates: ARTHROPODS

Arthropods are the most successful animals! WHY? They are found in many environments. They can ADAPT to many environments.

VII. Phylum: Arthropoda Characteristics: Arthropoda means arthro- jointed pod- foot 2. Appendages grow from the body 3. The body is divided into three segments: a. Head ~ 1st part, contains the sense organs b. Thorax ~ middle, joins head & abdomen walking legs are attached here c. Abdomen ~3rd part, reproductive & digestive organs are found here

4. All arthropods have an external skeleton called the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton has several functions: a. covers b. supports c. protects d. prevents from drying out Arthropods molt their exoskeleton.

5. Molting is a process of shedding the exoskeleton and replacing a new one in order to grow. What problems do you see with this process?

Class ~ Crustacean

Types of Crustaceans Crabs Lobsters Shrimp Pill bug Barnacles Water fleas

Characteristics a. Two body parts: i. Cephalothorax- head & thorax fused together ii. Abdomen One or two pairs of antennae- taste, touch, smell, balance c. Mandibles ~ jaws used for crushing food

e. Swimmerets ~ appendages on the abdomen d. Five pairs of legs: i. 1st pair~ claws- catching food, protection Four pairs of walking e. Swimmerets ~ appendages on the abdomen Movement Reproduction Respiration- Force water over the gills f. Regeneration ~ swimmerets will grow back

g. CRAYFISH A common crustacean h. Compound eyes ~ located at the end of the eyestalks Why is this an advantage?

External Anatomy of the Crayfish Rinse crayfish Locate the external structures and label on the diagram Answer the questions as you observe the crayfish. Cleans tray and tools!

Class ~ Insecta

Insects: Largest class of Arthropods 2. Most successful animals: reproduce in mass numbers lives in many environments

Characteristics of Insects: 3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen b. Mandible- specialized mouth part c. Antenna or feelers for touch or smell 1 or 2 pairs of wings 3 pairs of legs Reproduction- sexual Complete metamorphosis Incomplete metamorphosis

e. Grasshopper Most common insect Two types of eyes- simple & compound 3 pairs of legs: 1st two pairs- walking 3rd pair- jumping

Grasshopper (cont.) iii. two pairs of wings iv. spiracles- found on the abdomen for respiration/breathing v. Reproduction- sexual

vi. Metamorphosis A series of distinct changes in form through which an organism passes as it develops from an egg to an adult. Incomplete (3 stages): Ex: Grasshopper, termites, lice egg- nymph-adult Complete Metamorphosis (4 stages): butterflies, beetles, ants egg- larva–pupa-adult

Grasshopper Lab Label: Head, thorax, abdomen Forewing, hindwing Antenna Simple eye, compound eye Mandible Jointed legs Tympanum Spiracles External & Internal Anatomy

*Insect Mouth Parts *What am I? (partner challenge) Homework: Grasshopper Lab due Tuesday Arthropod Quiz: FRIDAY

Class ~ Arachnid

Characteristics a. Two body parts: b. no antennae Cephalothorax: head & thorax fused together Abdomen b. no antennae c. four pairs of legs d. poison glands, stingers or fangs e. four pairs of simple eyes

Fangs, Chelicerae of Zebra Jumping Spider Salticus scenicus Spider Chelicerae Fangs and Chelicerae of Tarantula Spiderling Brachypelma smithi (Mexican Red-Knee Tarantula) Fangs, Chelicerae of Zebra Jumping Spider Salticus scenicus www.microscopix.co.uk/spiders/fangs/index.htm

SPIDERS f. A common arachnid- spider i. Eight simple eyes to sense light and darkness ii. Cannot chew food ~ inject poison into their prey which paralyzes it and then turns the food into liquid iii. Book lungs ~ series of flat, air filled plates used in respiration iv. Spiracles~ openings in the abdomen that allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

Some arachnids are parasites! TICKS Lyme Disease MITES House dust mites Eyelash mites

G. Class: Centipede 1. 1 pair of legs per body segment usually a flat body 1 pair of antenna feed on insects and spiders move fast 2. Eat other animals- carnivores

H. Class: Millipede 1. 2 pairs of legs per body segment rounded body 1 pair of antenna feed organic matter- leaves and wood move slow 2. Eat plants- herbivores

5 Arthropod Review How many classes of Arthropods? Name the classes Crustaceans Insects Arachnids Centipedes Millipedes

Body regions Which class(es) have 3 body regions: head, thorax, abdomen? Insects Which class(es) have 2 body regions: cephalothorax & abdomen? Crustaceans Arachnids

Name the stages of Metamorphosis: Complete: Egg Larva Pupa Adult Incomplete Egg Nymph Adult